Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole is a topical imidazole antifungal agent used to treat dermatophyte and yeast infections. It is often formulated as a cream or solution, and sometimes combined with corticosteroids for inflammatory fungal skin conditions. **Clinical Pearl:** It is commonly used for localized *Malassezia* dermatitis or localized dermatophytosis (ringworm) in veterinary medicine.
Mechanism: Clotrimazole exerts its antifungal effect by inhibiting **cytochrome P450-dependent ergosterol synthesis**. Ergosterol is a vital component of the fungal cell membrane. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis → disruption of fungal cell membrane permeability → leakage of intracellular contents → fungal cell death. It is effective against pathogenic dermatophytes, *Aspergillus* spp., and yeasts.
Routes of administration
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to clotrimazole or other azole antifungals
Adverse effects
- Local irritation
- Erythema
- Pruritus
Monitoring
- Resolution of clinical signs (pruritus, erythema, alopecia)
- Fungal culture or cytology to confirm clearance of infection
Overdose
Overdose is highly unlikely with topical application. Ingestion of large amounts of cream or solution may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhea).
VetSheet drug reference is intended for licensed veterinary professionals as a clinical decision-support aid, not a substitute for professional judgement or the manufacturer’s current label.