Clotrimazole
1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-imidazole
Also known as: Canesten · Lotriderm · Clotrimazolum
Reviewed by the VetSheet Veterinary TeamUpdated Apr 5, 2026Evidence-based veterinary reference
Dosing by species
Dosing data for this drug is not yet available in the VetSheet formulary. Every other section below is complete. Consult the current product label before prescribing.
Overview
Clotrimazole is a topical imidazole antifungal agent used to treat dermatophyte and yeast infections. It is often formulated as a cream or solution, and sometimes combined with corticosteroids for inflammatory fungal skin conditions.
Clinical Pearl: It is commonly used for localized Malassezia dermatitis or localized dermatophytosis (ringworm) in veterinary medicine.
Mechanism of action
Clotrimazole exerts its antifungal effect by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent ergosterol synthesis. Ergosterol is a vital component of the fungal cell membrane.
Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis → disruption of fungal cell membrane permeability → leakage of intracellular contents → fungal cell death. It is effective against pathogenic dermatophytes, Aspergillus spp., and yeasts.
Safety & warnings
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to clotrimazole or other azole antifungals
Adverse effects
- Local irritation
- Erythema
- Pruritus
Precautions
Avoid contact with eyes. Do not allow the animal to lick the treated area immediately after application to prevent ingestion and ensure efficacy.
Monitoring
- Resolution of clinical signs (pruritus, erythema, alopecia)
- Fungal culture or cytology to confirm clearance of infection
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life
Absorption
Minimal systemic absorption following topical application to intact skin.
Distribution
Remains primarily in the stratum corneum and superficial layers of the epidermis.
Metabolism
Any systemically absorbed drug is metabolized in the liver.
Elimination
Excreted primarily via feces and urine (if systemically absorbed).
Overdose
Overdose is highly unlikely with topical application. Ingestion of large amounts of cream or solution may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhea).
Available products
Formulations
- 1% cream
- 1% solution
- Combination products containing corticosteroids (e.g., betamethasone)
Veterinary
- Various topical veterinary products (often in combination with antibiotics and steroids)
Human-labeled
- Canesten 1% cream
- Canesten 1% solution
- Lotriderm (clotrimazole/betamethasone)
Regulatory status
Often found in combination otic and topical veterinary products.
Classified as POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
Classified as POM-V or POM-VPS depending on the specific formulation.
No regulatory data for: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Storage & stability
Store at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Do not freeze.
Client information
Apply a thin layer of the medication exactly as directed by your veterinarian.
- Wash your hands after application.
- Prevent your pet from licking the treated area for at least 10-15 minutes after application.
Contact your vet if the skin appears more red, irritated, or if the condition worsens.
VetSheet drug reference is intended for licensed veterinary professionals as a clinical decision-support aid, not a substitute for professional judgement or the manufacturer’s current label.