Sodium citrate
**Sodium citrate** is an osmotic laxative typically formulated as a micro-enema in combination with a stool softener (such as sodium alkylsulphoacetate, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, or sodium lauryl sulphate). It is primarily used as a low-volume enema to treat constipation and to prepare the lower gastrointestinal tract for procedures like proctoscopy and radiography. > **Clinical Warning:** Not recommended for use in cases with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). **Clinical Pearl:** The monograph text lists "450 ml sodium citrate" per micro-enema, which is likely a typographical error in the source material for 450 **mg**, as these are typically 5 ml low-volume micro-enemas.
Mechanism: Acts as an **osmotic laxative** → causes water to be retained within the lumen of the GI tract. The addition of a stool softener lowers surface tension → augments the laxative action by allowing water to penetrate and soften the feces.
Dosing by species
- Constipation / Lower GI tract preparation · 1 enema inserted per rectum to full length of nozzle · Rectal · As needed · Single dose · Used for all indications (constipation, proctoscopy/radiography prep)
- Constipation / Lower GI tract preparation · 1 enema inserted per rectum to full length of nozzle · Rectal · As needed · Single dose · Used for all indications (constipation, proctoscopy/radiography prep)
Doses are a clinical reference for licensed veterinary professionals. Always confirm against the current label and the individual patient.
Routes of administration
Contraindications
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Adverse effects
- Water and electrolyte disturbances (uncommon)
Monitoring
- Fecal output and consistency
- Hydration status
- Electrolyte levels (if used repeatedly)
Overdose
Excessive or repeated use may lead to severe **water and electrolyte disturbances**, including dehydration and hypernatremia. Treatment is supportive, focusing on rehydration and electrolyte correction.
VetSheet drug reference is intended for licensed veterinary professionals as a clinical decision-support aid, not a substitute for professional judgement or the manufacturer’s current label.