Albúmina (Humana y Canina)
Albumin (Human and Canine)
Albumin
También conocido como: Albuminar · Albutein · Buminate · Plasbumin · Flexbumin · albumine · HSA · albuinum · Salt-poor albumin
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin) | Test dose of 0.25 mL/kg/h is given over 15 minutes. The maximum volume administered to any dog by the author is 25 mL/kg (6.25 g/kg) administered continuously over 72 hours; the mean volume administered to any dog overall is 5 mL/kg (1.25 g/kg). The maximum volume given as a slow push or bolus to treat hypotension is 4 mL/kg (1 gram/kg), with a mean volume of 2 mL/kg (0.5 g/kg). The range for a continuous rate infusion (CRI) after a bolus administration is 0.1 to 1.7 mL/kg/h (0.025-0.425 g/kg) over 4 to 72 hours. | IV | CRI or bolus | 4 to 72 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin) | albumin deficit (g) = 10 X (serum albumin desired - serum albumin of patient) X body weight (kg) X 0.3. Alternatively, some dogs received 0.5 to 1.25 g/kg. | IV | over a 12-hour period | 12 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized) | A total of 2.5-5 mL/kg body weight is recommended. Administer IV at a dosage rate of 1 mL/min. | IV | Single dose | Until calculated volume is administered | 🌎 NA |
- Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin): Discontinue infusion if adverse signs develop. Infusions are empirically selected to meet low normal values.
- Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin): Dilute 25% human albumin to a 10% solution with 0.9% NaCl. Administer with a transfusion filter. No dog is eligible for additional human albumin after 7 days following initial administration.
- Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized): Dilute to 16% (add 30 mL of diluent such as sterile normal saline, Normosol or dextrose 5%).
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La albúmina es un coloide de proteína natural utilizado principalmente en entornos de cuidados críticos para manejar la hipoalbuminemia grave y la hipovolemia. Desempeña un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de la presión oncótica intravascular.
- Albúmina sérica humana (HSA): Utilizada frecuentemente en medicina veterinaria debido a su disponibilidad, pero su uso como 'xeno-albúmina' (transfusión entre especies) en perros y gatos conlleva riesgos significativos de reacciones de hipersensibilidad mediadas por el sistema inmunitario, graves y potencialmente mortales.
- Albúmina específica canina: Disponible comercialmente como un producto liofilizado, lo que reduce significativamente el riesgo de hipersensibilidad específica de la especie, aunque los datos clínicos siguen siendo algo limitados en comparación con la HSA.
Perla clínica: Se desaconseja encarecidamente el uso de albúmina humana en perros sanos (p. ej., para la expansión simple de volumen) debido a una mayor incidencia observada de hipersensibilidad retardada grave (Tipo III/enfermedad del suero) en comparación con pacientes críticamente enfermos e inmunosuprimidos.
Mecanismo de acción
Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular volume.
- Oncotic Pressure: Provides 75-80% of the oncotic pressure of plasma → reduces hydrostatic pressure → prevents crystalloid fluids from leaking into the interstitium → decreases edema and improves organ perfusion.
- Transport & Binding: Acts as a carrier protein, binding and transporting drugs, ions, hormones, lipids, and metals (like iron).
- Endothelial & Systemic Effects: Maintains endothelial integrity, exerts antioxidant properties (via thiol groups), aids in acid-base balance, decreases platelet aggregation, and augments antithrombin activity.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- History of hypersensitivity to albumin (human or canine)
- Repeat administration of xeno-albumin (human albumin in dogs) beyond 7 days
- Healthy animals with simple volume depletion (avoid xeno-albumin)
- Pre-existing conditions resulting in volume overload
- Severe anemia or extreme dehydration (unless concurrent RBCs or appropriate crystalloid fluids are administered first)
Efectos adversos
- Immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, facial edema, vomiting, urticaria, hyperthermia, shock)
- Delayed hypersensitivity / Type III serum sickness (lethargy, lameness, peripheral edema, cutaneous lesions/vasculitis, renal failure, coagulopathies)
- Volume overload
- Diarrhea
- Tremors
- Perivascular inflammation at catheter sites
Precauciones
Extreme Caution Required: Thoughtful consideration must be taken when deciding to administer human albumin to critically ill dogs due to the high risk of complications.
- Hypersensitivity: Both immediate (anaphylactoid) and delayed (Type III/serum sickness) reactions can occur and have been fatal.
- Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of vital signs, oncotic pressure, and albumin levels is mandatory.
- Infectious Agents: While risk is low, transmission of infectious agents from pooled albumin products is theoretically possible.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Exogenous albumin may bind to these drugs, potentially affecting the amount of free (active) drug circulating, though this rarely appears to be clinically significant.
Monitorización
- Pre- and post-infusion serum albumin (target 2.0-2.5 g/dL)
- Pre- and post-infusion colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
- Vital signs: body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and heart rate
- Signs of volume overload (e.g., increased respiratory effort, chemosis)
- Immediate hypersensitivity (facial edema, vomiting, urticaria)
- Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (can occur weeks after administration)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Administered intravenously, resulting in immediate and complete bioavailability.
Distribución
Endogenous circulating albumin represents 30-40% of total body albumin. It distributes primarily within the intravascular space but equilibrates with the extravascular space.
Metabolismo
Degraded primarily by the vascular endothelium and liver into amino acids.
Eliminación
Elimination of exogenously administered canine albumin is estimated to be between 20-24 days.
Sobredosis
Overdosage can lead to hyperalbuminemia and hyperproteinemia, resulting in severe volume overload and hyperviscosity. To avoid these effects, serum albumin levels should be closely monitored. Most experts recommend that serum albumin should not exceed 2.5 g/dL (some suggest a strict maximum of 2.0 g/dL) when used clinically.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- 20% solution (Human)
- 25% solution (Human)
- 98% lyophilized powder, 5 g (Canine)
Veterinario
- Albumin, Canine, 98% lyophilized 5 g (without preservatives)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Albumin, Human 5% in 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL & 500 mL glass containers
- Albumin, Human 25% in 20 mL, 50 mL & 100 mL vials or flex containers
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Human 5% solution: Stable for 3 years if stored below 30°C (89°F). Protect from freezing. Human 20% & 25% solutions: Store below 30°C (86°F). Do not freeze. Human products contain no preservatives; discard any unused portion within 4 hours of entering the vial. Canine lyophilized product: Store refrigerated at 4-6°C. Stable for 15 months. Once rehydrated, store in the refrigerator and use within 24 hours.
Información para el cliente
- Hospitalización requerida: Este medicamento debe administrarse en un entorno de cuidados intensivos bajo estricta supervisión veterinaria.
- Riesgos frente a beneficios: Aunque la albúmina puede salvar vidas al mejorar la presión arterial y reducir la acumulación de líquidos, el uso de albúmina humana en mascotas conlleva un riesgo significativo de reacciones alérgicas graves.
- Reacciones retardadas: Tenga en cuenta que las reacciones adversas (como letargo, dolor articular o hinchazón) pueden ocurrir días o semanas después de que su mascota regrese a casa. Comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato si observa signos anormales.
- Costo: El tratamiento puede ser costoso y requiere un monitoreo intensivo.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.