Aminopentamida
Aminopentamide
4-(dimethylamino)-2,2-diphenylvaleramide
También conocido como: Centrine · Aminopentamide hydrogen sulfate · Dimevamid
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. | PO, IM, SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| To decrease tenesmus in malabsorption/maldigestion syndromes | 0.1-0.4 mg (total dose) | SC, IM | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. | PO, IM, SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Second-line adjunctive therapy for refractory IBD | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | SC | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La aminopentamida es un agente anticolinérgico y antiespasmódico de uso veterinario, empleado históricamente para el manejo de espasmos viscerales abdominales agudos, piloroespasmo, gastritis hipertrófica y las náuseas, vómitos o diarreas asociadas en perros y gatos.
Perla clínica: Aunque fue común en el pasado, el uso de anticolinérgicos sistémicos para trastornos gastrointestinales inespecíficos ha sido desplazado en gran medida por antieméticos (p. ej., maropitant, ondansetron) y procinéticos más específicos, debido al riesgo de inducir íleo y efectos secundarios sistémicos.
Mecanismo de acción
Aminopentamide acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking acetylcholine binding, it inhibits parasympathetic tone.
- GI Tract: → Decreases smooth muscle contractions (reducing colonic spasms) and reduces gastric acid secretion.
- Systemic: Compared to atropine, it reportedly has a greater targeted effect on reducing colonic contractions with relatively fewer mydriatic (pupil dilating) and salivary (dry mouth) effects, though classic anticholinergic signs can still occur.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Glaucoma (absolute contraindication)
- Pyloric obstruction
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease
- Paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects)
- Known or suspected GI infections (e.g., parvovirus enteritis)
Efectos adversos
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
- Blurred vision (mydriasis)
- Urinary hesitancy or retention
- Tachycardia
- Decreased GI motility (constipation/ileus)
Precauciones
Warning: Antimuscarinic agents can decrease GI motility, potentially prolonging the retention of toxins or infectious agents (e.g., parvovirus). Use with extreme caution in these cases.
Use with caution in patients with:
- Hepatic or renal disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or tachyarrhythmias
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Esophageal reflux
- Geriatric or pediatric patients
Interacciones farmacológicas
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
May increase intraocular pressure
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
Anticholinergic derivatives may antagonize metoclopramide actions
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of spasms, vomiting, or diarrhea)
- Heart rate (monitor for tachycardia)
- Urination frequency and volume (monitor for urinary retention)
- Eye moisture and pupil size
Sobredosis
No specific information was located regarding acute overdosage clinical signs or treatment for aminopentamide. Guidelines for atropine overdose may be applied:
- Decontamination: If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics.
- Supportive Care: Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. Do not use phenothiazines as they may contribute to anticholinergic effects.
- Antidote (Severe Cases): The use of physostigmine is controversial and reserved for extreme agitation or life-threatening supraventricular/sinus tachycardias. Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV, repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects. Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Tablets
- Injection
Veterinario
- Aminopentamide Hydrogen Sulfate Tablets: 0.2 mg; Centrine® (Pfizer)
- Aminopentamide Hydrogen Sulfate Injection: 0.5 mg/mL in 10 mL vials; Centrine® (Pfizer)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store aminopentamide tablets and injection at controlled room temperature (15-30°C; 59-86°F).
Información para el cliente
La aminopentamida ayuda a aliviar los calambres estomacales e intestinales.
- Esté atento a los efectos secundarios: Puede notar que su mascota presenta boca seca, ojos secos o pupilas dilatadas.
- Importante: Contacte a su veterinario de inmediato si su mascota hace esfuerzo para orinar, no puede orinar o parece estar excesivamente incómoda, ya que este medicamento puede causar retención urinaria.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.