Sulfato de Atropina

Atropine Sulfate

dl-hyoscyamine (racemic mixture of d-hyoscyamine and l-hyoscyamine)

Anticolinérgico / AntimuscarínicoIVIMSCPOIOIntratracheal (IT)InhalationPerrosGatosPequeños mamíferosHuronesAvesReptilesCaballosGanadoCerdosOvejasCabras

También conocido como: Atroject · Atropine SA · Atropine L.A. · AtroPen · Sal-Tropine · dl-hyoscyamine · atrop. sulph. · atropine sulphate · atropini sulfas

Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia

0.01-0.02 mg/kgIM, IV· once

Peso corporal— 🐕

Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.

Dosis por especie

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

Perros

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)	0.01-0.02 mg/kg	IM, IV	once	—	🌎 NA
As a preanesthetic adjuvant	0.074 mg/kg	IV, IM or SC	once	—	🌎 NA
As a preanesthetic adjuvant	0.02-0.04 mg/kg	SC, IM or IV	once	—	🌎 NA
During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts	0.04 mg/kg (IV or IO); 0.08-0.1 mg/kg (IT)	IV, IO, IT	every 3-5 minutes	maximum of 3 doses	🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of bradycardias, Incomplete AV block, etc.	0.02-0.04 mg/kg	IV or IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA
Atropine Response Test (Rishniw Preference)	0.04 mg/kg	IV	once	—	🌎 NA
Atropine Response Test (Kittleson Preference)	0.04 mg/kg	SQ	once	—	🌎 NA
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity	0.2-0.5 mg/kg	IV, IM, SC	as needed	—	🌎 NA
Treatment of bronchoconstriction	0.02-0.04 mg/kg	parenteral	as needed	duration of effect 1-1.5 hours	🌎 NA

As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients): Do not use anticholinergics indiscriminately in geriatric patients.
During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts: For IT administration: dilute in 5-10 mL of sterile water before administering.
Atropine Response Test (Rishniw Preference): Wait 15 minutes, record ECG. Persistent sinus tachycardia at >140 bpm expected in vagally-mediated bradycardia.
Atropine Response Test (Kittleson Preference): Wait 30 minutes, record ECG. Persistent sinus tachycardia at >140 bpm expected in vagally-mediated bradycardia.
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity: 1/4 of the dose IV and the remainder IM or SC

Gatos

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)	0.01-0.02 mg/kg	IM, IV	once	—	🌎 NA
As a preanesthetic adjuvant	0.074 mg/kg	IV, IM or SC	once	—	🌎 NA
As a preanesthetic adjuvant	0.02-0.04 mg/kg	SC, IM or IV	once	—	🌎 NA
During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts	0.04 mg/kg (IV or IO); 0.08-0.1 mg/kg (IT)	IV, IO, IT	every 3-5 minutes	maximum of 3 doses	🌎 NA
Treatment of bradycardias	0.02-0.04 mg/kg	SC, IM or IV	q4-6h	—	🌎 NA
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity	0.2-2 mg/kg	IV, SC, IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA

As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients): Do not use anticholinergics indiscriminately in geriatric patients.
During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts: For IT administration: dilute in 5-10 mL of sterile water before administering.
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity: give 1/4th of the dose IV and the remainder SC or IM

Pequeños mamíferos

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
To treat organophosphate toxicity (Rabbits/Rodents)	10 mg/kg	SC	q20 minutes	—	🌎 NA

Hurones

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
As a premed	0.05 mg/kg	SC or IM	once	—	🌎 NA

Aves

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Organophosphate poisoning	0.2 mg/kg	IM	every 3-4 hours as needed	—	🌎 NA
To assist in diagnosing organophosphate poisoning	0.02 mg/kg	IV	once	—	🌎 NA
As a preanesthetic	0.04-0.1 mg/kg	IM or SC	once	—	🌎 NA

Organophosphate poisoning: 1/4th the initial dose is administered. Use with pralidoxime (not in raptors) at 10-20 mg/kg IM q8-12h as needed.
To assist in diagnosing organophosphate poisoning: If bradycardia does not reverse, may consider organophosphate toxicity.

Reptiles

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Organophosphate toxicity in most species	0.1-0.2 mg/kg	SC or IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA
Ptyalism in tortoises	0.05 mg/kg (50 micrograms/kg)	SC or IM	once daily	—	🌎 NA

Caballos

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone	0.01-0.02 mg/kg	IV	as needed	—	🌎 NA
Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone	0.045 mg/kg	parenterally	as needed	—	🌎 NA
As a bronchodilator	5 mg	IV	once	—	🌎 NA
As a bronchodilator (rescue medication for severe airway obstruction)	5-7 mg/kg	IV	single rescue dose	—	🌎 NA
Organophosphate poisoning	Approximately 1 mg/kg	IV, SC	may repeat every 1.5-2 hours as required subcutaneously	—	🌎 NA
Organophosphate poisoning	0.22 mg/kg	IV, SC, IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA

As a bronchodilator: for a 400-500 kg animal
As a bronchodilator (rescue medication for severe airway obstruction): for a 450 kg horse. Abbreviated duration (0.5-2 hours). Adverse effects limit use to a single rescue dose.
Organophosphate poisoning: given to effect, IV (use mydriasis and absence of salivation as therapy endpoints)
Organophosphate poisoning: 1/4th of the dose administered IV and the remainder SC or IM

Ganado

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
As a preanesthetic	0.06-0.12 mg/kg	IM	once	—	🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of bovine hypersensitivity disease	1 gram per cow once daily followed by 0.5 gram/cow in 2-3 days	not specified	once daily then in 2-3 days	2-3 days	🌎 NA
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity (organophosphates)	0.5 mg/kg (average dose)	IV, SC, IM	may repeat q3-4h	1-2 days	🌎 NA

As a preanesthetic: Not used routinely as a preoperative agent in ruminants due to lack of extended efficacy and potential adverse reactions.
Treatment of cholinergic toxicity (organophosphates): give 1/4th of the dose IV and the remainder SC or IM

Cerdos

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Organophosphate toxicity	Use equine dose	IV, SC, IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA
As an adjunctive preanesthetic agent	0.04 mg/kg	IM	once	—	🌎 NA

Ovejas

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Treating organophosphate toxicity	Use the dose for cattle	IV, SC, IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA

Cabras

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Treating organophosphate toxicity	Use the dose for cattle	IV, SC, IM	as needed	—	🌎 NA

Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.

¿Atendiendo una consulta? La IA de VetSheet escribe el fármaco, la dosis y la duración directamente en una nota de visita estructurada.Descubre cómo funciona VetSheet

Resumen

El sulfato de atropina es un alcaloide de belladona de origen natural y el agente antimuscarínico (anticolinérgico) prototipo utilizado ampliamente en medicina veterinaria.

Las aplicaciones clínicas clave incluyen:

Medicina de Emergencia y CPCR: Tratamiento de bradicardia sinusal hemodinámicamente significativa, paro sinoauricular y bloqueo AV incompleto.
Anestesia: Se utiliza como preanestésico para prevenir o reducir las secreciones respiratorias y salivales, y para mitigar la bradicardia mediada por el nervio vago.
Toxicología: Sirve como antídoto vital para sobredosis de agentes colinérgicos, incluyendo organofosforados, carbamatos, hongos muscarínicos e intoxicación por algas verde-azules.
Respiratorio: Tratamiento coadyuvante para enfermedades broncoconstrictivas.

Perla Clínica: Aunque es altamente efectiva, el uso de atropina está disminuyendo en protocolos de premedicación rutinarios en favor de un uso dirigido o alternativas como el glicopirrolato, el cual no atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica tan fácilmente y tiene una duración de acción más prolongada.

Mecanismo de acción

Atropine acts as a competitive, reversible antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) (M1-M5 subtypes) located at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites.

By blocking acetylcholine (ACh) binding, it inhibits parasympathetic tone:

Cardiovascular: Blocks vagal tone at the SA and AV nodes → increases heart rate (positive chronotropy) and improves AV conduction (positive dromotropy).
Secretions: Inhibits glandular M3 receptors → decreases salivary, bronchial, and gastric secretions.
Smooth Muscle: Relaxes smooth muscle in the GI, urinary, and biliary tracts → decreases motility and spasm.
Ocular: Blocks M3 receptors in the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle → causes pupillary dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia).

Mechanistic Note: At very low doses, atropine can cause a paradoxical, transient bradycardia due to the blockade of presynaptic M1 autoreceptors on vagal postganglionic fibers, which normally inhibit ACh release. High doses may also block nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction.

Seguridad y advertencias

Contraindicaciones

Narrow-angle glaucoma
Synechiae (adhesions) between the iris and lens
Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
Myocardial ischemia
Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
GI obstructive disease or paralytic ileus
Severe ulcerative colitis
Obstructive uropathy
Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)

Efectos adversos

Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Dysphagia
Constipation
Vomiting
Thirst
Urinary retention or hesitancy
CNS stimulation, drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, respiratory depression
Blurred vision, pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, photophobia
Sinus tachycardia (at higher doses)
Paradoxical bradycardia (initially or at very low doses)
Hypertension or hypotension
Arrhythmias (ectopic complexes)
Decreased gut motility (can induce colic in horses or rumen stasis in cattle)

Precauciones

General Precautions:

Use with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected GI infections; decreased motility can prolong retention of causative agents or toxins.
Use with extreme caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux.

Species-Specific Warnings:

Neonates: Reportedly not effective in treating bradycardias in puppies <14 days old or kittens <11 days old. May damage hypoxic myocardia in neonates.
Rabbits: Glycopyrrolate is preferred, as ~40% of rabbits possess endogenous atropinesterase, rendering atropine ineffective.
Horses: Systemic use may decrease gut motility and induce colic. May reduce arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine.
Cattle: May result in inappetence and rumen stasis persisting for several days.
Food Animals: FARAD recommends a 28-day meat and 6-day milk withdrawal time when used at doses up to 0.2 mg/kg.