Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid
Ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) is a long-acting, veterinary-specific **third-generation cephalosporin**. It is formulated in a Miglyol (cottonseed oil) base to provide sustained release over several days from a single injection. - **Broad-spectrum activity:** Highly effective against major gram-negative and gram-positive respiratory pathogens. - **Target species:** FDA-approved for use in cattle (Bovine Respiratory Disease and foot rot), swine (Swine Respiratory Disease), and horses (lower respiratory tract infections caused by *Streptococcus equi* ssp. *zooepidemicus*). - **Clinical advantage:** Provides a full course of therapy in a single dose (cattle/swine) or two doses (horses), improving compliance and reducing animal handling stress.
Mecanismo: Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, ceftiofur is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** agent. - It binds to **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** → inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking → disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis → activates autolysins → cell lysis and death. - After administration, the parent compound is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and **desfuroylceftiofur** (the primary active metabolite). - Desfuroylceftiofur is equally potent to the parent drug and exhibits a spectrum of activity similar to cefotaxime. High protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' to maintain active drug levels at the site of infection.
Dosificación por especie
- BRD treatment (Beef and lactating cattle) · 3 mg per lb (6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents per kg) body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a single SC injection in the posterior aspect of the ear where it attaches to the head at the base of the ear (BOE).
- BRD treatment (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) · 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a single SC injection in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear.
- BRD control (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) · 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a SC injection either in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear or at the base of the ear.
- Lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus · 6.6 mg/kg IM; repeat in 4 days · IM · repeat in 4 days · 2 doses total · A maximum of 20 mL per injection site may be administered. Shake well before using.
- Swine respiratory disease (SRD) · 2.27 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE) per lb (5 mg CE/kg) body weight · IM · Single dose · Single dose · Administer in the post-auricular region of the neck. No more than 2 mL should be injected in a single injection site. Pigs heavier than 88 lb (40 kg) will require more than one injection.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para médicos veterinarios. Confirme siempre con la información vigente del producto y el paciente individual.
Vías de administración
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems)
- Do not use in pre-ruminating calves to be processed for veal
Efectos adversos
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
- Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Diarrhea, soft or loose stools (especially in horses)
- Injection site reactions: swelling, thickening, aseptic cellular infiltrate, discoloration
- Sudden death in cattle if injected into ear arteries
Interacciones farmacológicas
- Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic drugs · Potential additive nephrotoxicity. Do not mix in the same syringe or IV line.
- Probenecid · Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.
Monitoreo
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs within 3-5 days)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, inflammation)
- Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhea, especially in horses)
- CBC (if used off-label in small animals)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal compromise
Sobredosis
Cephalosporin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant systemic toxicity other than **gastrointestinal distress** and potential injection site reactions. > **Regulatory Warning:** Use of dosages in excess of labeled recommendations (e.g., >6.6 mg/kg in cattle or >5 mg/kg in swine) or administration by unapproved routes (e.g., SC in the neck or IM in cattle) will likely cause **violative tissue residues**. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate extended withdrawal times if an overdose occurs.
La referencia de fármacos de VetSheet está destinada a médicos veterinarios como apoyo a la decisión clínica; no sustituye el juicio profesional ni la información vigente del fabricante.