Cephapirin
**Cephapirin** is a **first-generation cephalosporin** antibiotic primarily utilized in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bovine mastitis and endometritis. * **Spectrum of Activity**: Effective against many Gram-positive organisms (e.g., *Staphylococcus* and *Streptococcus* spp.) commonly implicated in mastitis, as well as some Gram-negative bacteria. * **Clinical Use**: Administered locally via **intramammary** or **intrauterine** routes. Systemic parenteral formulations are largely obsolete in veterinary practice. * **Key Consideration**: Strict adherence to milk and meat withdrawal times is essential for food-producing animals to prevent illegal residues.
Mecanismo: Cephapirin is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** beta-lactam antibiotic. * Binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** (such as **transpeptidases**, **carboxypeptidases**, and **endopeptidases**) located inside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. * Inhibition of these enzymes → blocks the final stages of mucopeptide (peptidoglycan) synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. * Defective cell wall formation → creates an osmotically unstable spheroplast → **cell lysis** and death. * *Note*: Like other beta-lactams, it is most effective against actively growing and dividing bacteria.
Dosificación por especie
- Mastitis (Lactating cow) · After milking out udder, clean and dry teat area. Swab teat tip with alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Insert tip of syringe into teat canal; push plunger to instill entire contents. Massage quarter and do not milk out for 12 hours. · Intramammary · q12h · May repeat dose · Milk withdrawal = 96 hours; Slaughter withdrawal = 4 days.
- Mastitis (Dry Cow) · Same basic directions as above, but should be done at the time of drying off and not later than 30 days prior to calving. · Intramammary · Once at drying off · Single treatment · Milk withdrawal = 72 hours after calving; Slaughter withdrawal = 42 days.
- Subacute and chronic endometritis (at least 14 days after parturition) · Contents of syringe (500 mg) instilled through the cervix into the lumen of the uterus; depending on response may re-treat in 7-14 days if signs persist. · Intrauterine · Once, may repeat in 7-14 days · 1-2 treatments · May be used one day after insemination. If pyometra, pretreatment with a prostaglandin recommended.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para médicos veterinarios. Confirme siempre con la información vigente del producto y el paciente individual.
Vías de administración
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Efectos adversos
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy)
- Anaphylaxis (rare but possible)
Monitoreo
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of mastitis or endometritis)
- Renal function (in patients with diminished renal capacity, though primarily a concern for systemic use)
Sobredosis
No significant clinical adverse effects are expected with acute overdosage. However, if used at doses or rates higher than labeled, **withdrawal times for milk and meat may be significantly prolonged**.
La referencia de fármacos de VetSheet está destinada a médicos veterinarios como apoyo a la decisión clínica; no sustituye el juicio profesional ni la información vigente del fabricante.