Ciprofloxacino
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin HCl
También conocido como: Cipro XR · Cipro I.V. · Ciloxan · ciprofloxacine · ciprofloxacinum · ciprofloxacino · Bay-q-3939
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| UTI | 10 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Skin, soft tissue infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Bone systemic infections, bacteremia and more resistant pathogens (e.g., Enterobacter) | 20 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 11 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ocular infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy) | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q30-120mins | 1-2 days | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Avoid or reduce dosage in severe renal failure; avoid in young animals or pregnant/breeding animals.
- Ocular infections: Standard therapy
- Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy): For short-term intensive use
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ocular infections | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q6h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy) | 1 drop to affected eye | topical | q30-120mins | 1-2 days | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Avoid or reduce dosage in severe renal failure; avoid in young animals or pregnant/breeding animals.
- Ocular infections: Standard therapy
- Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy): For short-term intensive use
Pequeños mamíferos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections (Rabbits) | 5-20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections (Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats) | 7-20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pasteurellosis (Rabbits) | 15-20 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | minimum of 14 days in mild cases and up to several months in chronic infections | 🌎 NA |
- Pasteurellosis (Rabbits): ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-15 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
Aves
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 20-40 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible gram-negative infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections (Ratites) | 3-6 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets. Crushed tablet goes into suspension well, but must be shaken well before administering.
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using crushed tablets
- Susceptible gram-negative infections: Using crushed tablets or suspend
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El ciprofloxacino es un antibiótico fluoroquinolona de segunda generación ampliamente utilizado en medicina humana y frecuentemente empleado fuera de etiqueta (off-label) en medicina veterinaria.
- Espectro de actividad: De amplio espectro, altamente eficaz contra muchos bacilos y cocos gramnegativos (incluyendo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella spp.) y algunos organismos grampositivos (como Staphylococcus spp., incluyendo cepas resistentes a la meticilina). Tiene una actividad débil contra anaerobios y la mayoría de los Streptococci.
- Perla farmacocinética: En perros, su biodisponibilidad oral es significativamente menor y más errática que la de la enrofloxacina (solo ~40-50% en comparación con >80% de la enrofloxacina). Por lo tanto, generalmente no se considera un sustituto oral directo 1:1 de la enrofloxacina en caninos.
- Utilidad clínica: A menudo se selecciona cuando se requiere una formulación de fluoroquinolona intravenosa (IV) real, para terapias dirigidas por cultivo específico, o cuando se desea una forma de dosificación oral de mayor tamaño.
Mecanismo de acción
Ciprofloxacin is a bactericidal, concentration-dependent antibiotic.
- It enters the bacterial cell and inhibits two key type-II topoisomerase enzymes: DNA gyrase (primary target in gram-negative bacteria) and Topoisomerase IV (primary target in gram-positive bacteria).
- Inhibition of these enzymes → prevents DNA supercoiling and relaxation → halts DNA replication and transcription → rapid bacterial cell death (within 20-30 minutes of exposure).
- Exhibits a significant post-antibiotic effect (PAE), meaning bacterial growth continues to be suppressed even after drug concentrations fall below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
- Small and medium breed dogs 2-8 months of age (due to cartilage damage)
- Large and giant breed dogs during their rapid growth phase (past 8 months of age)
- Known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
Efectos adversos
- GI distress (vomiting, anorexia)
- Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
- CNS stimulation (dizziness, seizures)
- Crystalluria
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Local irritation after application
- Local burning and itching (reported in humans)
- Lid margin crusting (reported in humans)
- Hyperaemia (reported in humans)
- Taste disturbances (reported in humans)
- Corneal staining (reported in humans)
- Keratitis (reported in humans)
- Lid oedema (reported in humans)
- Lacrimation (reported in humans)
- Photophobia (reported in humans)
- Corneal infiltrates (reported in humans)
- Nausea (reported in humans)
- Visual disturbances (reported in humans)
Precauciones
Caution: Use with care in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment (dosage adjustments may be required to prevent accumulation).
- Hydration: Animals should not be allowed to become dehydrated during therapy due to the risk of crystalluria.
- Neurologic: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders due to potential CNS stimulation.
- Feline Retinal Toxicity: Use high doses in cats with caution. While retinal toxicity appears less likely than with enrofloxacin (as ciprofloxacin is less lipophilic), caution is still advised.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May bind to ciprofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
Synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of cyclosporine
Severe hypoglycemia possible
Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least two hours
Increased MTX levels possible with resultant toxicity
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use not recommended
May alter phenytoin levels
Blocks tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin and may increase its blood level and half-life
Increased risk for cardiotoxicity
May inhibit absorption of ciprofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours
May increase theophylline blood levels
Potential for increased warfarin effects
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse effects (GI signs, CNS stimulation)
- Hydration status
- Clinical resolution of ocular infection
- Corneal healing (via fluorescein staining)
- Signs of local irritation or hypersensitivity
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Well absorbed after oral administration in most species, but in dogs, bioavailability is at least half that of enrofloxacin. Poorly absorbed in ponies (2-12%). Oral bioavailability is ~50% in calves and ~40% in pigs.
Distribución
In humans, Vd is ~23.5 L/kg and 20-40% bound to serum proteins. Protein binding is ~70% in calves and ~23% in pigs.
Metabolismo
Metabolized to various metabolites that are less active than the parent compound. (Note: Ciprofloxacin is itself a major active metabolite of enrofloxacin in many species).
Eliminación
Approximately 15-50% eliminated unchanged into the urine by both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Metabolites are eliminated in both urine and feces.
Sobredosis
Little specific information is available for ciprofloxacin overdosage in veterinary species. Overdoses may result in GI distress, CNS signs (tremors, seizures), or renal toxicity (crystalluria). Treatment should consist of supportive care, maintaining adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria, and gastric decontamination if ingestion was recent. See the enrofloxacin monograph for more extrapolated information.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Extended-release oral tablets
- Microcapsules for oral suspension
- Solution for injection
- Ophthalmic: 0.3% solution in 5 ml bottle
Veterinario
- None
Etiquetado para humanos
- Ciprofloxacin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg & 750 mg; Cipro®; generic
- Ciprofloxacin Extended-Release Oral Tablets: 500 mg & 1000 mg; Cipro XR®; generic
- Ciprofloxacin Microcapsules for Oral Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL (5%) & 500 mg/5 mL (10%) when reconstituted; Cipro®
- Ciprofloxacin Solution for Injection: 200 mg & 400 mg in 100 mL & 200 mL in 5% dextrose flexible containers (0.2%); Cipro® I.V.; generic
- Ciloxan 0.3% w/v eye drops, solution
Estado regulador
Subject to veterinary prescription. Fluoroquinolones are restricted for use only when other antibiotics are ineffective.
POM-V or POM (human crossover). Must adhere to responsible antimicrobial use guidelines.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored in tight containers at temperatures less than 30°C. Protect from strong UV light. The injection should be stored at 5°-25°C and protected from light and freezing.
Información para el cliente
Importante: Administre este medicamento exactamente como se le recetó y no omita dosis para asegurar que la infección sea tratada completamente.
- Administración: Es mejor administrarlo con el estómago vacío. Si causa malestar estomacal, se puede dar un pequeño premio, pero no lo administre con productos lácteos (queso, leche, yogur) ya que el calcio impide que el medicamento se absorba.
- Suplementos: Sepárelo de antiácidos, suplementos de hierro o zinc por al menos 2 horas.
- Hidratación: Asegúrese de que su mascota tenga acceso a abundante agua fresca en todo momento para prevenir la formación de cristales en la orina.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a vómitos, pérdida de apetito o signos neurológicos inusuales (como mareos o temblores). Contacte a su veterinario si estos ocurren.
- Mascotas en crecimiento: Este medicamento generalmente se evita en animales jóvenes en crecimiento, ya que puede causar problemas en las articulaciones y el cartílago.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.