Sales de citrato (Citrato de potasio, Citrato de sodio, Ácido cítrico)
Citrate Salts (Potassium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid)
Potassium citrate, Sodium citrate, Citric acid
También conocido como: Nutrived · Urocit-K · Citrolith · Polycitra · Oracit · Bicitra · Cytra · Naturalyte · Citrate of potash · Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate · Shohl's solution
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation (hypocitraturia) | 40-75 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation | Initially 50 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Decrease possibility of calcium oxalate stone formation (Nutrived Potassium Citrate Granules) | 1 scoop mixed or sprinkled on food per 10 lb. body weight per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Persistent calcium oxalate crystalluria/uroliths (after diet and hydrochlorothiazide) | 50-75 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of chronic renal failure as a potassium supplement and alkalinizing agent | Initially, 75 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation (hypocitraturia): Avoid overzealous urinary alkalinization as calcium phosphate uroliths may form.
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation: Monitor urine pH; goal is to obtain values of 7-7.5.
- Persistent calcium oxalate crystalluria/uroliths (after diet and hydrochlorothiazide): Give to effect to achieve a urine pH of 6.5-7. If urine pH already above 7-7.5, do not use. Monitor serum potassium monthly.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation | Initially 50-100 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Decrease possibility of calcium oxalate stone formation (Nutrived Potassium Citrate Granules) | 1 scoop mixed or sprinkled on food per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation | 100-150 mg/kg/day PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of chronic renal failure as a potassium supplement and alkalinizing agent | Initially, 75 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Significantly acidemic chronic renal failure | 2.5 mEq (total dose) potassium or 15-30 mg/kg as potassium citrate PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hypokalemic chronic renal failure | 2-4 mEq (total dose) of potassium per day as potassium citrate or potassium gluconate | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation: Goal is to achieve a urine pH of approximately 7.5.
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation: It is unclear whether this dose will actually increase urinary citrate in cats.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
Las sales de citrato se utilizan principalmente en medicina veterinaria como alcalinizantes urinarios y en el manejo de la acidosis metabólica crónica, una condición frecuentemente asociada con la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) o la acidosis tubular renal.
El citrato de potasio es particularmente valioso para la prevención de urolitos de oxalato de calcio en perros y gatos. A menudo se prefiere sobre el bicarbonato de sodio porque es más palatable y proporciona suplementación de potasio, lo cual es beneficioso ya que muchos pacientes con ERC son propensos a la hipopotasemia.
Perla clínica: Aunque es altamente efectivo para la prevención de oxalato de calcio, se debe evitar una alcalinización excesiva, ya que un pH urinario demasiado alto puede promover inadvertidamente la formación de urolitos de fosfato de calcio.
Mecanismo de acción
Citrate salts are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and oxidized in the liver to produce bicarbonate (HCO3-), which acts as a systemic alkalinizing agent, raising blood pH and subsequently urine pH.
In the urinary tract, the mechanism is twofold:
- Alkalinization: The resulting alkaline urine increases the solubility of calcium oxalate.
- Chelation: Excreted citrate directly complexes with calcium in the urine → decreases the concentration of free calcium available to bind with oxalate → inhibits the formation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Heart failure
- Severe renal impairment (with azotemia or oliguria)
- Urinary tract infections (UTI) associated with calcium or struvite stones
- Aluminum toxicity
- Hyperkalemia or conditions predisposing to it (adrenal insufficiency, acute dehydration, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) - for potassium citrate
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Delayed gastric emptying, esophageal compression, or intestinal obstruction (specifically for tablet formulations)
Efectos adversos
- Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hyperkalemia (specifically with potassium citrate)
- Fluid retention (specifically with sodium citrate)
- Metabolic alkalosis (rare)
Precauciones
Use with caution (weigh risks vs. benefits) in severe renal tubular acidosis or chronic diarrheal syndromes as they may be ineffective. Sodium citrate products should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart disease due to sodium load. Monitor serum potassium levels closely when using potassium citrate, especially in patients with renal insufficiency.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion, potentially increasing toxicity.
Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
May cause systemic alkalosis. Aluminum-containing antacids may cause aluminum toxicity, especially in renal insufficiency. Sodium bicarbonate combinations may cause hypernatremia.
Alkalinized urine can increase the excretion of salicylates, decreasing their efficacy.
Solubility is decreased in an alkaline environment; monitor for signs of crystalluria.
Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
Concurrent use is not recommended as methenamine requires an acidic urine for efficacy.
Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
May lead to increases in serum potassium levels (hyperkalemia) when used with potassium citrate.
May increase serum potassium levels when used with potassium citrate.
May increase serum potassium levels when used with potassium citrate.
May increase serum potassium levels when used with potassium citrate.
May increase serum potassium levels when used with potassium citrate.
May lead to severe hyperkalemia when used with potassium citrate.
Monitorización
- Serum potassium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride
- Acid/base status
- Urine pH
- Urinalysis (monitor for crystalluria)
- Serum creatinine and CBC (particularly in chronic renal failure)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Absorption is nearly complete after oral administration.
Metabolismo
Citrate salts are oxidized in the body to bicarbonate. The citric acid component is converted to carbon dioxide and water.
Eliminación
Less than 5% of a dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Sobredosis
Overdosage and acute toxicity generally fall into 4 categories:
- Gastrointestinal distress and ulceration
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Hypernatremia (with sodium citrate)
- Hyperkalemia (with potassium citrate)
Treatment: If an overdose occurs and preventing absorption is reasonable (especially with tablets), employ gut-emptying protocols if not contraindicated. Treat GI effects with intravenous fluids or supportive care. Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis should be treated symptomatically. Contact an animal poison control center for specific treatment modalities.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Granules
- Extended-release oral tablets
- Syrup
- Oral solution
- Crystals for reconstitution
Veterinario
- Potassium Citrate and Fatty Acids Granules: 300 mg potassium citrate (approx. 2.8 mEq K) per 5 g scoop (Nutrived Potassium Citrate Granules for Cats and Dogs)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Potassium Citrate Extended-Release Oral Tablets: 5 mEq (540 mg), 10 mEq (1080 mg) & 15 mEq (Urocit-K, generic)
- Potassium Citrate/Sodium Citrate Tablets: 50 mg potassium citrate / 950 mg sodium citrate (Citrolith)
- Potassium Citrate/Sodium Citrate Syrup & Solution: 550 mg K citrate, 500 mg Na citrate, 334 mg citric acid/5 mL (Polycitra, Polycitra-LC)
- Potassium Citrate/Citric Acid Solution: 1100 mg K citrate, 334 mg citric acid/5 mL (Polycitra-K, Cytra-K)
- Potassium Citrate/Citric Acid Crystals for Reconstitution: 3300 mg K citrate, 1002 mg citric acid per packet (Polycitra-K)
- Sodium Citrate/Citric Acid Solutions: 490-500 mg Na citrate, 334-640 mg citric acid/5 mL (Oracit, Bicitra)
- Oral Electrolyte Solution: 20 mEq K, 30 mEq citrate/L (Naturalyte)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store solutions and potassium citrate tablets in tight containers at room temperature unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.
Información para el cliente
Importante: No triture ni permita que su mascota mastique las tabletas de liberación prolongada, ya que esto puede causar una liberación rápida del medicamento e irritación estomacal.
- Administración: Administre este medicamento con o inmediatamente después de las comidas para minimizar el malestar estomacal. Si utiliza gránulos o líquido, mézclelo bien con la comida.
- Hidratación: Asegúrese de que su mascota siempre tenga acceso a abundante agua fresca para beber.
- Monitoreo: Es probable que su veterinario necesite revisar regularmente el pH urinario y los análisis de sangre (especialmente los niveles de potasio) de su mascota para asegurar que la dosis sea correcta y segura.
- Efectos secundarios: Comuníquese con su veterinario si su mascota experimenta vómitos persistentes, diarrea, debilidad o cambios en la micción.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.