Dapsona
Dapsone
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone
También conocido como: Avlosulfone · Dapsoderm-X · Dopsan · Novasulfone · Servidapsone · Sulfona · DADPS · dapsonum · DDS · diaminodiphenylsulfone · NSC-6091 · diaphenylsulfone · disulone · sulfonyldianiline
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for pemphigus | 1 mg/kg PO q8h; with sulfasalazine at 10-40 mg/kg q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Post-vaccination alopecia/vasculitis resistant to prednisone therapy | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 1.1 mg/kg PO q6h until remission, then 0.3 mg/kg q8-12h after recovery | PO | q6h initially, then q8-12h | Until remission, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of vasculitis | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of Brown Recluse spider (Loxosceles spp.) bite | 1 mg/kg PO three times daily for 10 days | PO | TID | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy | 1 mg/kg once daily PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 8 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeks | PO | q24h | 6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Aural chondritis | 1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Treating mycobacteriosis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Aural chondritis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | 3 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 56 days | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: From one case report of treatment of a foal.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La dapsona es un agente antimicrobiano de tipo sulfona y antiinflamatorio. Históricamente conocida por el tratamiento de la lepra en humanos, su uso veterinario se limita mayoritariamente a una terapia de segunda línea o adyuvante para dermatosis inmunomediadas específicas (p. ej., pénfigo, vasculitis cutánea) y ciertas infecciones atípicas (p. ej., micobacteriosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci).
Perla clínica: Debido al alto riesgo de efectos adversos graves, particularmente hepatotoxicidad y discrasias sanguíneas, la dapsona rara vez es un fármaco de primera elección. Se considera relativamente contraindicada en gatos debido a su alta susceptibilidad a la metahemoglobinemia y a la anemia hemolítica.
Mecanismo de acción
Antimicrobial action: Acts as a competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It inhibits the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) → blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid → disrupts nucleic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms (similar to sulfonamides).
Anti-inflammatory action: Dapsone exerts potent immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system → suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst. It also decreases neutrophil chemotaxis, complement activation, antibody production, and lysosomal enzyme synthesis, making it useful for sterile, neutrophil-driven inflammatory conditions like vasculitis or Brown Recluse spider bites.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Cats (relatively contraindicated due to high risk of neurotoxicity and hemolytic anemia)
- Hypersensitivity to dapsone or other sulfone drugs
- Patients with severe anemias or preexisting blood dyscrasias
- Preexisting hepatic dysfunction (use with extreme caution)
Efectos adversos
- Hepatotoxicity
- Dose-dependent methemoglobinemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenias
- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting)
- Neuropathies
- Cutaneous drug eruptions
- Photosensitivity
- Potential carcinogen
Precauciones
- Feline Sensitivity: Cats are highly susceptible to dapsone-induced blood dyscrasias and hepatotoxicity. Use is generally not recommended.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus. Use with caution in pregnant animals.
- Nursing: Excreted into milk in concentrations equivalent to plasma; hemolytic reactions have been seen in human neonates. Consider switching to milk replacer if required in a nursing dam.
- Hepatic Disease: Use with caution in animals with preexisting hepatic dysfunction due to hepatotoxic potential.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May decrease the renal excretion of active metabolites of dapsone.
May increase risk of hematologic reactions occurring with dapsone.
May decrease plasma dapsone concentrations (7-10 fold).
May increase plasma dapsone concentrations (and vice versa) and potentially increase each other's toxicity.
Monitorización
- CBC with platelets every 2-3 weeks during first 4 months of treatment, then every 3-4 months
- Liver function tests
- Clinical signs of adverse effects (GI upset, drug eruptions, neurotoxicity, jaundice, cyanosis)
- Clinical efficacy
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration to dogs.
Distribución
In dogs, the monoacetyl metabolite is only about 60% bound to plasma proteins (compared to almost completely bound in humans).
Metabolismo
Hepatic metabolism, primarily via acetylation.
Eliminación
Primarily eliminated via the kidneys as conjugates and unidentified metabolites.
Sobredosis
Because of its toxicity potential, specific species differences in sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics, it is recommended to contact an animal poison control center in cases of dapsone overdoses.
- Clinical Signs: In humans, overdoses generally cause nausea, vomiting, and hyperexcitability within minutes. Methemoglobinemia with associated depression, seizures, and cyanosis can occur. Hemolysis may be delayed, occurring 7-14 days after the overdose.
- Treatment: Includes removal of drug from the gut (decontamination), methylene blue for methemoglobinemia, and sometimes hemodialysis to enhance removal of the drug and its monoacetyl metabolite.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral Tablets
- Compounded oral suspension
Etiquetado para humanos
- Dapsone Oral Tablets: 25 mg & 100 mg (scored)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store tablets protected from light at controlled room temperature (20-25°C, 68-77°F). Tablets may be compounded into a stable liquid dosage form (2 mg/mL) using a 1:1 ratio of Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet; this preparation is stable for 90 days stored refrigerated or at room temperature.
Información para el cliente
- Monitoreo estricto: Este medicamento requiere una estrecha supervisión veterinaria. Son necesarios análisis de sangre frecuentes para monitorear el hígado y los glóbulos rojos de su mascota.
- Vigile la toxicidad: Contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si observa encías pálidas o azuladas, coloración amarillenta en ojos/piel (ictericia), letargo extremo, respiración rápida, vómitos o debilidad inusual.
- Protección solar: La dapsona puede causar fotosensibilidad. Proteja la piel expuesta de su mascota de la exposición prolongada a la luz solar.
- Gatos: Si se prescribe para un gato, comprenda que los riesgos de efectos secundarios graves son significativamente mayores.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.