Diclorfenamida
Dichlorphenamide
También conocido como: Daranide · Antidrasi · Fenamide · Glaucol · Glauconide · Glaumid · Oralcon · Oratrol · Tensodilen · Diclofenamidum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoAdjunctive glaucoma treatment (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (2)
- ■ Give this medicine as directed by your veterinarian. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving the medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with food or a small treat. If vomiting continues, contact your veterinarian.
- Store tablets in well-closed containers and at room temperature (20°C-25°C [68°F-77° F]).
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La diclorfenamida es un inhibidor de la anhidrasa carbónica (IAC) sistémico utilizado tradicionalmente en oftalmología veterinaria para el tratamiento médico del glaucoma.
- Perla clínica: Debido a sus importantes efectos secundarios sistémicos (como acidosis metabólica e hipopotasemia) y a su falta de disponibilidad comercial generalizada, los IAC sistémicos han sido sustituidos en gran medida por alternativas tópicas como la dorzolamida y la brinzolamida.
- Cuando se prescribe hoy en día, suele obtenerse a través de una farmacia de fórmulas magistrales.
- Posee propiedades anticonvulsivas y diuréticas leves, aunque rara vez se utiliza para estas indicaciones en la medicina veterinaria moderna.
Mecanismo de acción
Dichlorphenamide exerts its effects via noncompetitive, reversible inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA).
- In the ciliary body: Inhibition of CA-II → decreased formation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and hydrogen (H+) ions from carbon dioxide and water → reduced active transport of sodium into the posterior chamber → decreased aqueous humor production → lowered intraocular pressure (IOP).
- In the kidneys: Inhibits CA in the proximal convoluted tubule → increased renal tubular secretion of Na+, K+, and HCO3- → alkaline diuresis and potential metabolic acidosis.
- In the CNS: Exhibits mild anticonvulsant activity, likely secondary to localized metabolic acidosis or direct CA inhibition in the brain.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Significant hepatic disease (may precipitate hepatic coma)
- Renal or adrenocortical insufficiency
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperchloremic acidosis
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Severe pulmonary obstruction (unable to increase alveolar ventilation)
- Hypersensitivity to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Chronic, noncongestive, angle-closure glaucoma (long-term use)
Efectos adversos
- Panting
- GI disturbances (inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea)
- CNS effects (sedation, depression, excitement)
- Hematologic effects (bone marrow depression)
- Renal effects (crystalluria, dysuria, renal colic, polyuria)
- Metabolic acidosis
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hepatic insufficiency
- Dermatologic effects (rash)
- Hypersensitivity reactions
Precauciones
Warning: Long-term use is contraindicated in patients with chronic, noncongestive, angle-closure glaucoma as it may mask the condition by lowering IOP while angle closure progresses.
- Use with extreme caution in patients with pre-existing electrolyte imbalances (especially hypokalemia or hyponatremia).
- May precipitate hepatic coma in patients with severe liver disease.
- Avoid in patients with severe pulmonary obstruction who cannot increase alveolar ventilation to compensate for metabolic acidosis.
- Pregnancy Category C: Teratogenic effects observed in animal studies; use only if benefits outweigh risks.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive results for urine protein using certain test methods (e.g., bromphenol blue, sulfosalicylic acid) due to urine alkalinization. May also decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Alkaline urine caused by dichlorphenamide may decrease excretion of tricyclic antidepressants.
Increased risk of dichlorphenamide accumulation and toxicity; increased risk for metabolic acidosis; dichlorphenamide increases salicylate excretion.
Dichlorphenamide may cause hypokalemia, leading to an increased risk for digoxin toxicity.
Rarely, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors interfere with the hypoglycemic effects of insulin.
Dichlorphenamide may negate the effects of methenamine in the urine due to alkalinization.
Concomitant use may exacerbate potassium depletion.
Increased urinary excretion, which may reduce phenobarbital levels.
Decreased primidone concentrations.
Alkaline urine caused by dichlorphenamide may decrease quinidine excretion.
Monitorización
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) / tonometry
- Serum electrolytes (may need to supplement potassium)
- Baseline CBC with differential and periodic retests if using chronically
- Clinical signs of adverse effects (GI upset, panting, CNS changes)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Onset of action in small animals is approximately 30 minutes, with maximal effect occurring in 2-4 hours.
Distribución
Not well studied in domestic animals.
Metabolismo
Not well studied in domestic animals.
Eliminación
Duration of action in small animals is 8-12 hours.
Sobredosis
Information regarding acute toxicity of dichlorphenamide is limited.
- Clinical Signs: Likely extensions of adverse effects, including severe electrolyte derangements (hypokalemia, hyponatremia), profound metabolic acidosis, CNS depression, and dehydration.
- Treatment:
- Monitor serum electrolytes, blood gases, volume status, and CNS status.
- Provide aggressive supportive care, including IV fluid therapy to correct dehydration and acid-base/electrolyte imbalances (e.g., potassium supplementation). Treat symptomatically.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Tablets (historically)
- Compounded oral formulations
Veterinario
- None commercially available (requires compounding)
Etiquetado para humanos
- None commercially available (requires compounding)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store tablets in well-closed containers and at room temperature. An expiration date of 5 years after the date of manufacture is assigned to the commercially available tablets (when available).
Información para el cliente
- Administración: Administre este medicamento exactamente como se le ha recetado. Si su mascota presenta malestar estomacal (vómitos o pérdida de apetito), intente administrar la dosis con una pequeña cantidad de comida o un premio.
- Qué observar: Contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si nota:
- Sangrado o hematomas inusuales (podría indicar supresión de la médula ósea).
- Temblores musculares, debilidad o letargo severo (signos de niveles bajos de potasio).
- Erupciones cutáneas o jadeo excesivo.
- Seguimiento: Los chequeos regulares son cruciales para monitorear la presión ocular de su mascota (glaucoma) y los análisis de sangre (electrolitos y recuentos sanguíneos).
Nota: Este medicamento suele ser preparado a medida (fórmula magistral), ya que rara vez hay comprimidos comerciales disponibles. Asegúrese de solicitar las renovaciones de la receta con suficiente antelación.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.