Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO)
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Sulphinylbismethane
También conocido como: Domoso · Kemsol · Rheumabene · Synotic · Rimso-50 · DMSO · dimethyl sulphoxide · dimethylis sulfoxidum · NSC-763 · SQ-9453 · Dimethyl sulfoxide
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute swelling due to trauma | Liberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 3-4 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 20 grams (or mL of liquid) | topical | q6-8h | Max 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Calcinosis cutis | Apply topically to a small area of the body initially (if extensive areas are involved) once daily; and as these areas improve, add new treatment areas. | topical | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Persistent cases of hemorrhagic cystitis (secondary to cyclophosphamide tx) | 10 mL of DMSO medical grade 50% solution is diluted with 10 mL of water and instilled into bladder and removed after 20 minutes. | intravesical | once | 20 minutes | 🌎 NA |
| Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin) | Dose not specified in monograph; apply to affected area | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide | Dose not specified in monograph | Intravesical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Canine calcinosis cutis | Dose not specified in monograph | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Renal amyloidosis | Dose not specified in monograph | PO/IV/SC | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Calcinosis cutis: Dogs may 'feel bad' if large areas are treated initially, but do not become hypercalcemic.
- Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin): Wear gloves during application.
- Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide: Instilled directly into the bladder.
- Canine calcinosis cutis: Anecdotal evidence. Monitor serum calcium due to risk of renal calcification.
- Renal amyloidosis: Efficacy is unproven.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant | Dose not specified in monograph; apply to affected area | topical | Not specified | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant: Wear gloves during application.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute swelling due to trauma | Liberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 2-3 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 100 grams (or mL of liquid) | topical | q8-12h | Max 30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics | 25 mg/kg IV intraoperatively and continued twice daily for the first 24-48 hours post-op. | IV | q12h | 24-48 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Acute rhabdomyolysis | 1 g/kg in a 10% solution of lactated Ringer's or Multisol IV or orally. | IV/PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment for laminitis | 0.1-1 g/kg IV, 2-3 times daily | IV | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.
- Acute rhabdomyolysis: May be given in the acute stages once hydration status has been restored.
- Adjunctive treatment for laminitis: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) es un solvente aprótico dipolar altamente versátil con propiedades farmacológicas únicas. Se utiliza principalmente en medicina veterinaria como captador de radicales libres y agente antiinflamatorio tópico.
- Uso principal aprobado: Aprobado por la FDA como aplicación tópica para reducir la inflamación aguda debida a traumatismos en perros y caballos.
- Usos fuera de etiqueta: Tratamiento adyuvante para traumatismos del SNC, edema cerebral, condiciones isquémicas transitorias, úlceras cutáneas, quemaduras, cirugías intestinales, amiloidosis y limitación del daño tisular tras la extravasación de quimioterápicos (p. ej., doxorrubicina).
- Potenciador de penetración: El DMSO penetra fácilmente la piel intacta y las membranas biológicas sin causar daños irreversibles. Actúa como un potente agente transportador, promoviendo la absorción percutánea de otros fármacos (p. ej., corticosteroides, antibióticos, analgésicos) y compuestos potencialmente tóxicos.
- Perlas clínicas: Debido a que es extremadamente higroscópico, se autodiluirá si se deja expuesto al aire ambiente. Se debe utilizar DMSO de grado médico para evitar el transporte de impurezas industriales a la circulación sistémica.
Mecanismo de acción
DMSO exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological effects through multiple pathways:
- Free Radical Scavenging: DMSO directly traps the free radical hydroxide (OH•), while its primary metabolite, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), traps free radical oxygen. This mechanism underpins its anti-inflammatory, cryopreservative, anti-ischemic, and radioprotective qualities.
- Enzyme Inhibition: Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase → slows the metabolism of alcohol and prevents the conversion of ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites (making it a potential, though less common, antidote for antifreeze toxicity).
- Prostaglandin Modulation: Enhances Prostaglandin E (PGE) but blocks the synthesis of PGE2, PGF2-alpha, PGH2, and PGG2, contributing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Vascular Effects: Provokes histamine release from mast cells → local vasodilation. It also decreases platelet aggregation.
- Neuromuscular: Exhibits weak anticholinesterase activity.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Mastocytomas (due to mast cell degranulation)
- Dehydration or shock (diuretic and vasodilatory effects may exacerbate)
- Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses in some species; use with extreme caution)
Efectos adversos
- Local 'burning', erythema, vesiculation, and dry skin (topical)
- Garlic or oyster-like breath odor
- Lenticular changes (myopia) with chronic high doses
- Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (IV in horses, especially at >10% concentration or rapid administration)
- Diarrhea, muscle tremors, and colic (IV in horses)
- Rare hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity
Precauciones
Handling Warning: Always wear rubber gloves when applying topically. Apply with clean or sterile cotton to clean, dry skin to prevent carrying harmful impurities or environmental toxins into the systemic circulation.
- Masking Pathology: Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity may mask existing pathology.
- IV Administration: In horses, administer IV slowly and at concentrations of 10% (maximum 20%) to minimize hemolysis and hemoglobinuria.
- Odor: Owners should be warned about the strong garlic/oyster breath odor that develops shortly after administration, regardless of route.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Avoid concurrent use due to DMSO's anticholinesterase activity.
Can cause fatal mercury intoxication if mixed and applied topically.
DMSO inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and may prolong the effects of alcohol.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
May be potentiated by DMSO.
Profound enhancement of systemic absorption of the co-administered substance, potentially leading to systemic toxicity.
DMSO may decrease the activity and efficacy of dexrazoxane; concurrent use should be discouraged.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in swelling/inflammation)
- Hemoglobinuria and hematocrit (especially in horses receiving IV therapy)
- Ophthalmic exams (with high doses or chronic use in dogs to monitor for lenticular changes)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Well absorbed after topical administration, especially at concentrations between 80-100%.
Distribución
Extensively and rapidly distributed to virtually every area of the body.
Metabolismo
Metabolized to dimethyl sulfide (DMS).
Eliminación
Primarily excreted by the kidneys, although biliary and respiratory excretion also takes place. Rapidly eliminated in cattle (no detectable drug/metabolites after 20 days).
Sobredosis
The reported LD50 following IV dosage is approximately 4 g/kg in cats and 2.5 g/kg in dogs.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity:
- Non-lethal doses: Sedation and hematuria.
- Higher dosages: Coma, seizures, opisthotonus, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema.
Treatment: Should an acute overdosage be encountered, treat supportively.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Topical Gel (90%)
- Topical Solution (90%)
- Aqueous Solution (50%)
- Otic Solution (60% with fluocinolone)
Veterinario
- Domoso® Gel 90% (60 g, 120 g, 425 g)
- Domoso® Solution 90% (1 pint, 1 gallon)
- Synotic® Otic Solution (DMSO 60% + fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Rimso-50® (50% aqueous solution in 50 mL)
Estado regulador
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian)
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Must be stored in airtight containers away from light. Store in glass or in the original manufacturer's plastic container (DMSO reacts with some plastics). If exposed to room air, it will self-dilute to a concentration of 66-67% due to its hygroscopic nature.
Información para el cliente
Pautas de seguridad importantes para los propietarios de mascotas:
- Utilice solo el grado médico prescrito: Nunca utilice grados industriales o no médicos de DMSO (que a menudo se encuentran en ferreterías), ya que pueden contener impurezas nocivas que el DMSO transportará directamente al torrente sanguíneo de su mascota.
- Protéjase: Use siempre guantes de goma al aplicar este medicamento. Si entra en contacto con su piel, la absorberá y es probable que sienta sabor a ajo en la boca poco después.
- Aplicación: Aplique solo sobre piel limpia y seca utilizando algodón limpio o estéril. No mezcle con otros ungüentos, productos antipulgas o químicos sin la aprobación explícita de su veterinario, ya que el DMSO arrastrará esos químicos al interior del cuerpo.
- Olor: Es completamente normal que su mascota desarrolle un fuerte olor a ajo o a ostra en el aliento mientras recibe este medicamento. Esto se resolverá una vez que se suspenda el tratamiento.
- Almacenamiento y manipulación: Úselo en un área bien ventilada. Evite inhalarlo o que entre en contacto con sus ojos. Puede dañar ciertas telas. Mantenga la tapa bien cerrada cuando no esté en uso, ya que absorbe la humedad del aire y se diluirá. Manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.