Furosemida
Furosemide
4-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
También conocido como: Lasix · Salix · Disal · Dimazon · Frusecare · Frusedale · Libeo · Frusol · frusemide · furosemidum · LB-502
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoInjection
Requiere verificación veterinaria
Restricciones combinadas: se aplican todas
- q12-24h
- q6-8h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (2)
- NOTE: Watch units closely when calculating doses. Do not confuse CRI dosages using mg/kg/hour with μg/kg/minute.
- Furosemide injection should be stored at room temperature. A precipitate may form if the injection is refrigerated, but it will resolubilize when warmed without alteration in potency. The human injection (10 mg/mL) should not be used if it has a yellow color. The veterinary injection (50 mg/mL) normally has a slight yellow color.
Adjunctive therapy for systemic hypertension
- q8-24h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (3)
- NOTE: Watch units closely when calculating doses. Do not confuse CRI dosages using mg/kg/hour with μg/kg/minute.
- ■ Furosemide may be given with or without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving this medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with food or a small treat. If vomiting continues, contact your veterinarian.
- Store furosemide protected from light at room temperature up to 25°C (77°F). Furosemide tablets should be protected from moisture and stored in light-resistant, well-closed containers. Tablets may discolor with exposure to light, and discolored tablets should be discarded. The oral solution should be stored at room temperature and protected from light and freezing; discard opened bottles after 90 days.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La furosemida es un diurético de asa potente y de acción rápida ampliamente utilizado en medicina veterinaria para el manejo de condiciones de sobrecarga de fluidos. Es la piedra angular del tratamiento para la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC) y el edema pulmonar en múltiples especies. Al promover una diuresis profunda, reduce rápidamente la precarga cardíaca y alivia la congestión venosa.
Más allá de sus aplicaciones cardíacas primarias, la furosemida se utiliza para:
- Insuficiencia renal oligúrica: Para convertir la oliguria en poliuria y promover el flujo urinario.
- Hipercalcemia: Para promover la excreción renal de calcio (requiere expansión de volumen previa).
- Hemorragia pulmonar inducida por el ejercicio (HPIE): Utilizada profilácticamente en caballos de carreras para reducir la epistaxis.
- Edema de ubre: Aprobado por la FDA para su uso post-parto en ganado bovino.
Debido a su potencia, la furosemida puede provocar cambios significativos en los fluidos y electrolitos, lo que requiere un monitoreo cuidadoso del estado de hidratación y de los electrolitos séricos (especialmente el potasio).
Mecanismo de acción
Furosemide acts primarily on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the nephron.
- Inhibition of NKCC2: It reversibly binds to and inhibits the Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ cotransporter on the luminal membrane → prevents the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride.
- Loss of Medullary Hypertonicity: This disruption abolishes the hypertonic medullary interstitium → impairs the kidney's ability to concentrate urine → results in profound, dose-dependent diuresis.
- Electrolyte Excretion: It significantly increases the renal excretion of water, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, H⁺, NH₄⁺, and bicarbonate.
- Hemodynamic Effects: Furosemide induces mild renal venodilation and transiently increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via prostaglandin release. This venodilation provides rapid relief in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, often before the onset of significant diuresis.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Anuria
- Hypersensitivity to furosemide
- Progressive renal disease if increasing azotemia and oliguria occur during therapy
- Seriously depleted electrolytes
- Severe dehydration
- Severe electrolyte depletion
- Hepatic coma
- Pericardial effusion where cardiac tamponade is confirmed
Efectos adversos
- Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia)
- Prerenal azotemia (secondary to dehydration)
- Ototoxicity (especially in cats with high-dose IV therapy)
- Gastrointestinal distress
- Hematologic effects (anemia, leukopenia)
- Weakness and restlessness
- Hypokalaemia
- Hypochloraemia
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypomagnesaemia
- Hyponatraemia
- Polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD)
- Prerenal azotaemia
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Leucopenia
- Anaemia
- Electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia)
- Polyuria and polydipsia
Precauciones
Use with caution in patients with pre-existing electrolyte or water balance abnormalities, impaired hepatic function (may precipitate hepatic coma), and diabetes mellitus. Monitor carefully in patients with conditions leading to fluid loss (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea). Patients hypersensitive to sulfonamides may also be hypersensitive to furosemide. Ensure animals have normal food and water intake to prevent imbalances.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Increased risks for hypotension, particularly in patients who are volume or sodium depleted secondary to diuretics
Increased risk for ototoxicity
Loop diuretics may increase the risk for nephrotoxicity development; hypokalemia
Increased risk for GI ulceration; hypokalemia
Furosemide-induced hypokalemia may increase the potential for digoxin toxicity
Furosemide may alter insulin requirements
Furosemide may prolong neuromuscular blockade
Furosemide can reduce uricosuric effects
Loop diuretics can reduce the excretion of salicylates
Furosemide may potentiate effects
Pharmacologic effects of theophylline may be enhanced when used with furosemide
Potentiates nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
Decreased diuretic efficacy and predisposes to nephrotoxicity, particularly with poor renal perfusion
Inhibits muscle relaxation qualities
Increases the effects of suxamethonium
Increased risk of hypotension and renal impairment; however, concurrent use is standard of care for heart failure with appropriate monitoring.
Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Monitorización
- Serum electrolytes (especially potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium)
- Blood glucose
- Hydration status
- Blood pressure, if indicated
- Clinical signs of edema, patient weight, if indicated
- Evaluation of ototoxicity, particularly with prolonged therapy or in cats
- Resting respiratory rate (at home by owner)
- Serum electrolytes (Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium)
- Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine)
- Clinical signs of ototoxicity (especially in cats)
- Serum electrolytes (especially Potassium, Sodium, Chloride)
- Renal function (BUN, Creatinine)
- Clinical signs of edema/heart failure resolution
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
In dogs, oral bioavailability is approximately 77%. In humans, 60-75% absorbed following oral administration. Diuretic effect takes place within 5 minutes after IV administration and within 1 hour after oral dosing. Peak effects occur ~30 minutes after IV and 1-2 hours after PO.
Distribución
Approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins in both azotemic and normal patients.
Metabolismo
Undergoes some hepatic metabolism (glucuronidation).
Eliminación
Excreted primarily via the kidneys.
Sobredosis
The LD50 in dogs after oral administration is >1000 mg/kg; after IV injection >300 mg/kg. Chronic overdosing at 10 mg/kg for six months in dogs led to development of calcification and scarring of the renal parenchyma.
Acute overdosage may cause severe electrolyte and water balance problems, CNS effects (ranging from lethargy to coma and seizures), and cardiovascular collapse.
Treatment:
- Empty the gut after recent oral ingestion using standard protocols.
- Avoid concomitant cathartics as they may exacerbate fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
- Aggressively monitor and treat electrolyte and water balance abnormalities supportively.
- Monitor respiratory, CNS, and cardiovascular status.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral Solution (Syrup)
- Injection
- Oral tablets
- Injectable solution (IV/IM/SC)
- Injectable: 50 mg/ml solution
- Oral: 10 mg tablet
- Oral: 20 mg tablet
- Oral: 40 mg tablet
- Oral: 20 mg/5 ml sugar-free solution
- Oral: 40 mg/5 ml sugar-free solution
- Oral: 50 mg/5 ml sugar-free solution
Veterinario
- Furosemide Tablets: 12.5 mg, & 50 mg; Salix, Disal, generic
- Furosemide Oral Solution (Syrup): 10 mg/mL in 60 mL; generic
- Furosemide for Injection: 50 mg/mL (5%) in 50 mL & 100 mL vials; Disal Injection, Salix Injection, generic
- Dimazon 10 mg, 50 mg tablets
- Dimazon 5% injectable solution
- Frusecare 40 mg tablets
- Frusedale 40 mg tablets
- Libeo 10 mg, 40 mg chewable tablets
Etiquetado para humanos
- Furosemide Oral Tablets: 20 mg, 40 mg, & 80 mg; Lasix; generic
- Furosemide Oral Solution: 10 mg/mL in 60 mL & 120 mL; 40 mg/5 mL in 500 mL & UD 5 mL & 10 mL; generic
- Furosemide Injection: 10 mg/mL in 2 mL (20 mg), 4 mL (40 mg) & 10 mL (100 mg) single-dose vials; generic
- Lasix 20 mg, 40 mg tablets
- Lasix oral solution
- Lasix injectable solution
- Frusol
Estado regulador
POM-V classification in the UK.
POM-V, POM.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored in light-resistant, well-closed containers. Oral solution should be stored at room temperature and protected from light and freezing. Injection should be stored at room temperature. A precipitate may form if the injection is refrigerated, but will resolubilize when warmed without alteration in potency. Unstable at an acid pH, but very stable under alkaline conditions.
Información para el cliente
La furosemida (conocida a menudo por el nombre comercial Lasix) es un diurético potente o "pastilla para el agua" que se utiliza para ayudar al cuerpo de su mascota a eliminar el exceso de líquido. Se receta más comúnmente para la insuficiencia cardíaca o la presencia de líquido en los pulmones.
Importante: Debido a que este medicamento elimina agua del cuerpo, su mascota orinará con mucha más frecuencia y en mayores cantidades. Asegúrese siempre de que su mascota tenga libre acceso a agua fresca para prevenir una deshidratación grave.
- Monitoreo en casa: Si su mascota está siendo tratada por una enfermedad cardíaca, su veterinario puede pedirle que cuente la frecuencia respiratoria en reposo de su mascota (respiraciones por minuto mientras duerme). Esta es una herramienta crucial para asegurar que la dosis del medicamento sea la correcta.
- Cuándo llamar al veterinario: Contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si nota signos de deshidratación o desequilibrio electrolítico, tales como sed excesiva, letargo extremo, debilidad, inquietud, disminución de la micción, vómitos o una frecuencia cardíaca muy rápida.
- Dosificación: Siga las instrucciones de dosificación de su veterinario exactamente. No cambie la dosis sin consultarlo, ya que el equilibrio entre eliminar el líquido y causar deshidratación es delicado.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.