Griseofulvina
Griseofulvin
También conocido como: Fulvicin · AmTech Griseofulvin · Grifulvin V · Gris-PEG · Curling factor · Griseofulvina · Griseofulvinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Microsize: 25 mg/kg q12h PO for 42-56 days; Ultramicrosize: 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily for 42 days. | PO | q12h or once daily | 42-56 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Microsize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily with fatty meal. | PO | once daily | Prolonged | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: May need to treat longer for Trichophyton than for Microsporum. Give following a fatty meal or administration of corn oil. Continue for at least 2 weeks after resolution of signs and at least 5 months for onychomycosis.
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Used with topical therapy. May double dose in resistant cases. If GI distress occurs may divide dose and give twice daily with food. Begin taking cultures after 4 weeks. Continue therapy for 2 weeks beyond clinical cure and when 2-3 negative cultures are obtained at weekly intervals.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Microsize: 50-120 mg/kg PO; divided daily. Ultramicrosize: 10-15 mg/kg PO twice daily. | PO | divided daily or twice daily | 4-6 weeks or longer | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Microsize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily or 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 42-70 days; Ultramicrosize: 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily for 42 days. | PO | once daily or q12h | 42-70 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Microsize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily with fatty meal. | PO | once daily | Prolonged | 🌎 NA |
| Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex | Microsize: 25 mg/kg PO twice daily with food. | PO | twice daily | At least one month | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Give with a fatty meal. Treat until culture is negative.
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Give following a fatty meal or administration of corn oil. Continue for at least 2 weeks after resolution of signs and at least 5 months for onychomycosis.
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Used with topical therapy. May double dose in resistant cases. If GI distress occurs may divide dose and give twice daily with food. Begin taking cultures after 4 weeks. Continue therapy for 2 weeks beyond clinical cure and when 2-3 negative cultures are obtained at weekly intervals.
- Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex: Give at least for one month to judge efficacy.
Pequeños mamíferos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advanced dermatophytosis (Rabbits) | Ultramicrosize 6.25 mg/kg PO q12h for 4-6 weeks. Microsize: 25 mg/kg PO q12-24h for one month | PO | q12h or q12-24h | 4-6 weeks or 1 month | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas) | 25 mg/kg PO once daily for 30-60 days | PO | once daily | 30-60 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Gerbils, Guinea pigs, Hamsters, Rats) | 25 mg/kg PO q24h for 14-28 days | PO | q24h | 14-28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Mice) | 25 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 days | PO | q24h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas) | 25 mg/kg PO q24h for 28-40 days | PO | q24h | 28-40 days | 🌎 NA |
| Dermatophytosis (Guinea pigs) | 25 mg/kg PO (as a suspension) once daily for 28 days. | PO | once daily | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas) | 25 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) for 30 days | PO | once daily | 30 days | 🌎 NA |
Aves
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Ratites) | 35-50 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Using the microsize (not ultra-microsize) products: 5 mg/kg PO once daily. | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Smaller doses (1.25 grams) should be used for foals or ponies. If using ultra-microsize (human) formulations the dose should be reduced by 50%.
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | Ultramicrosize: 10-20 mg/kg PO once daily for 1-2 weeks. 100 mg/kg PO given twice (or more) 1 week apart may also be effective. | PO | once daily or weekly | 1-2 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | 20 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeks | PO | once daily | 6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Not FDA-approved for use in food animals and can be very expensive.
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible dermatophytic infections | 20 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeks | PO | once daily | 6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La griseofulvina es un antibiótico fungistático utilizado principalmente en medicina veterinaria para tratar infecciones fúngicas dermatofíticas (tiña) de la piel, el pelo y las garras.
Puntos clínicos clave:
- Es altamente específica para dermatofitos (p. ej., Trichophyton, Microsporum y Epidermophyton).
- No tiene eficacia contra bacterias, otros hongos patógenos o levaduras Malassezia.
- Perla clínica: Debido a su potencial de efectos adversos significativos (especialmente supresión de la médula ósea y teratogenicidad) y la necesidad de una terapia prolongada, la griseofulvina está siendo reemplazada cada vez más en la práctica veterinaria moderna por antifúngicos más nuevos y seguros como el itraconazol y la terbinafina.
- La dosificación difiere significativamente entre las formulaciones microsize y ultramicrosize debido a las diferencias en la absorción gastrointestinal.
Mecanismo de acción
Griseofulvin is a fungistatic agent. It enters susceptible fungal cells and binds to tubulin, which disrupts the structure of the mitotic spindle → arresting the metaphase of cell division.
Additionally, griseofulvin binds to newly synthesized keratin in the host. As new skin, hair, and nails grow, the keratin-griseofulvin complex makes these newly formed tissues resistant to fungal invasion, allowing the infected, older tissues to be shed.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Pregnancy (known teratogen)
- Known hypersensitivity to griseofulvin
- Hepatocellular failure
- Horses intended for food
Efectos adversos
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Anemia
- Neutropenia
- Leukopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Depression
- Ataxia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Dermatitis/photosensitivity
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Teratogenesis
Precauciones
Important Warnings:
- Feline Sensitivity: Cats, particularly kittens, are highly susceptible to adverse effects (e.g., bone marrow depression), likely due to slower glucuronide conjugation. Monitor carefully.
- FIV Testing: Cats should be tested for FIV before initiating therapy due to the drug's potential neutropenic or panleukopenic effects.
- Teratogenicity: Griseofulvin is a known teratogen (causes cleft palate, skeletal/brain malformations). It is strictly contraindicated in pregnant animals. It may also inhibit spermatogenesis.
- Absorption: Must be given with a fatty meal to ensure adequate GI absorption.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Griseofulvin may potentiate the effects of alcohol.
Griseofulvin may decrease salicylate levels.
Griseofulvin may decrease cyclosporine levels.
May decrease griseofulvin blood concentrations by inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes and/or reducing absorption. Dosage adjustment may be necessary.
May decrease theophylline half-life and levels in some patients.
May reduce the anticoagulant activity of coumarin anticoagulants; adjustment may be required.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy; fungal culture
- Adverse effects
- CBC; before therapy and q1-3 weeks during therapy
- Liver enzymes (if indicated)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Microsized form is variably absorbed (25-70%); dietary fat enhances absorption. Ultramicrosize form is nearly 100% absorbed (approximately 1.5 times as well as the microsized form).
Distribución
Concentrates in skin, hair, nails, fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Can be found in the stratum corneum within 4 hours of dosing.
Metabolismo
Metabolized by the liver via oxidative demethylation and glucuronidation to 6-desmethylgriseofulvin (inactive).
Eliminación
Less than 1% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Sobredosis
Specifics regarding acute toxicity are limited. Significant overdoses should be managed with gut emptying, activated charcoal, and cathartic administration unless contraindicated. Horses have tolerated 100 mg/kg PO for 20 days without apparent ill effect.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Powder
- Oral Tablets
- Oral Suspension
Veterinario
- AmTech® Griseofulvin Powder: 2.5 g griseofulvin in 15 g sachets (FDA-approved for horses not intended for food)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Grifulvin V® Griseofulvin Microsize Oral Tablets: 500 mg
- Griseofulvin Microsize Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL
- Gris-PEG® Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets: 125 mg & 250 mg
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store at less than 40°C, preferably at room temperature (15-30°C). Suspensions should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers. Microsize tablets/capsules should be stored in tight containers; ultramicrosize tablets in well-closed containers.
Información para el cliente
Importante: La griseofulvina puede causar defectos congénitos. Las mujeres embarazadas deben evitar manipular este medicamento o usar guantes si la administración es necesaria.
- Administración: Administre siempre este medicamento con una comida grasa (p. ej., una pequeña cantidad de comida enlatada, mantequilla o aceite de maíz) para ayudar a que el cuerpo lo absorba correctamente.
- Cumplimiento: El tratamiento de la tiña requiere tiempo. Continúe administrando el medicamento exactamente como se le recetó, incluso si la mascota parece estar mejor. Suspender el tratamiento demasiado pronto puede causar que la infección regrese.
- Control ambiental: La tiña es altamente contagiosa para otras mascotas y humanos. Siga las instrucciones de su veterinario para desinfectar el hogar, destruir la ropa de cama vieja y aislar a la mascota si es necesario.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a la pérdida de apetito, vómitos o diarrea. Si su mascota parece letárgica, descoordinada o desarrolla cualquier síntoma inusual, comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.