Peróxido de hidrógeno al 3%
Hydrogen Peroxide 3%
Hydrogen peroxide
También conocido como: Hydrogen Peroxide 3% Solution · Dilute hydrogen peroxide solution · Hydrogen peroxide solution 10-volume · Hydrogen peroxide topical solution
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an emetic | 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL). | PO | can be repeated once if not initially successful | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 times | PO | up to 2-3 times | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-5 mL/kg PO; generally not to exceed 50 mL for dogs and 10 mL for cats; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur. | PO | may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
- As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an emetic | 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL). | PO | can be repeated once if not initially successful | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 times | PO | up to 2-3 times | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-5 mL/kg PO; generally not to exceed 50 mL for dogs and 10 mL for cats; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur. | PO | may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes. Note: Use in cats is generally discouraged due to risk of severe gastric ulceration.
- As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an emetic | 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL). | PO | can be repeated once if not initially successful | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 times | PO | up to 2-3 times | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic | 1-5 mL/kg PO; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur. | PO | may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
- As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs) | 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL). | PO | can be repeated once if not initially successful | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs) | 1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 times | PO | up to 2-3 times | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs) | 1-5 mL/kg PO; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur. | PO | may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs): Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
- As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs): Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El peróxido de hidrógeno al 3% es un antiséptico tópico ampliamente disponible que se utiliza con frecuencia en medicina veterinaria como emético oral de emergencia, principalmente en perros.
- Perla clínica: Aunque es un producto básico en el hogar, su uso como emético generalmente se reserva para situaciones en las que la atención veterinaria inmediata no es accesible y se requiere una descontaminación rápida. En un entorno clínico, se prefieren los eméticos de acción central como la apomorfina (para perros) o la xilacina/dexmedetomidina (para gatos) debido a su mayor eficacia y un menor riesgo de irritación mucosa grave.
- Precaución en felinos: Su uso en gatos está cada vez más desaconsejado por los toxicólogos debido a un alto riesgo de gastritis necrotizante hemorrágica grave.
- Eficacia: La inducción exitosa del vómito no garantiza que el contenido estomacal se haya vaciado por completo; cantidades significativas del fármaco/toxina ingerido pueden permanecer o haber sido ya absorbidas.
Mecanismo de acción
Orally administered hydrogen peroxide (3%) induces a vomiting reflex via direct irritant effects on the oropharynx and gastric lining.
- Mechanism: H₂O₂ interacts with the enzyme catalase present in tissue and blood → rapid release of water (H₂O) and oxygen gas (O₂) → massive bubbling and gastric distension.
- The combination of direct mucosal irritation and sudden gastric distension stimulates visceral afferent vagal and sympathetic nerves → signals the emetic center in the medulla oblongata → triggers the vomiting reflex.
- Emesis typically ensues within 10 minutes of administration.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Animals already vomiting
- Severely lethargic, comatose, or debilitated animals (e.g., respiratory distress, decreased swallowing reflex, bradycardia)
- Seizuring or hyperactive animals
- Recent abdominal surgery
- Megaesophagus
- Ingestion of corrosives/caustics (e.g., acids, alkalis)
- Ingestion of sharp objects
- Ingestion of bagged illicit drugs
- Ingestion of hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates
- Rodents or rabbits (incapable of vomiting)
Efectos adversos
- Aspiration of hydrogen peroxide solution or stomach contents
- Vasovagal (bradycardic) response in animals with cardiovascular compromise
- Gastric ulceration (particularly in cats)
- Gastric-dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs
Precauciones
WARNING: Do not induce emesis in animals that lack a normal swallowing reflex or are severely depressed due to high aspiration risk.
- Neurological Status: Use caution when attempting to induce emesis in a dog that has ingested a compound that can cause seizures or CNS depression, as CNS status may rapidly deteriorate.
- Timeframe: Administration and emesis generally must occur within 4 hours (some say 2 hours or 6 hours maximum) of the toxic ingestion.
- Product Safety: If home administration is necessary, ensure clients use ONLY the 3% medical grade solution. Higher concentrations are highly corrosive.
- Monitoring: Because aspiration and/or bradycardia are possible, animals should be closely observed. Suctioning, respiratory, and cardiovascular support (e.g., atropine) should be available in a clinical setting.
- Re-ingestion: Do not allow the animal to re-ingest vomitus.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize acetylcysteine in the gut; alternative emetics are preferred for acetaminophen overdoses.
Preadministration or ingestion of these products may negate the emetic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Monitorización
- Efficacy (emesis, signs associated with toxicity of the substance ingested, blood levels of toxicants if applicable)
- Heart rate and respiration rate
- Thoracic auscultation after emesis (to monitor for aspiration pneumonia)
Sobredosis
Hydrogen peroxide 3% solution is relatively non-toxic after oral ingestion, though it can cause gastric irritation, vomiting, and rarely gastric ulceration or GDV.
DANGER: Hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 10% or greater (such as hair bleach or industrial peroxide) can be very corrosive, causing severe burns to the oral and gastric mucosa, and can induce fatal oxygen emboli after oral ingestion.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- 3% solution (2.5-3.5% w/v)
Veterinario
- None as an oral emetic
Etiquetado para humanos
- Hydrogen Peroxide 3% Solution (OTC, usually sold in pint bottles)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store 3% solutions in airtight containers at room temperature and protected from light. Hydrogen peroxide 3% can deteriorate with time; outdated or improperly stored products may not be effective as an emetic.
Información para el cliente
SOLO PARA USO DE EMERGENCIA: Nunca induzca el vómito sin consultar primero a su veterinario o a un Centro de Control de Envenenamiento Animal. ¡Algunas toxinas (como baterías, lejía u objetos punzantes) causan daños graves si se vomitan!
- Use el producto correcto: Asegúrese de estar utilizando peróxido de hidrógeno al 3% estándar. Las concentraciones más altas (como el revelador de tinte para el cabello) son extremadamente peligrosas y corrosivas.
- Administración: Use una jeringa dosificadora o una perilla de succión para inyectar el líquido en el lado de la boca. No lo fuerce por la garganta para evitar que su mascota inhale el líquido hacia sus pulmones.
- Consejo profesional: Dar una comida pequeña y húmeda (como una rebanada de pan o un poco de comida enlatada) justo antes de administrar el peróxido puede darle al estómago algo contra lo cual empujar y mejorar las probabilidades de vómito. Pasear a su perro después de administrar la dosis también puede ayudar a mezclar el peróxido en el estómago.
- Cuidados posteriores: Observe a su mascota de cerca. No permita que vuelva a ingerir el vómito. Recoja una muestra del vómito en una bolsa de plástico o recipiente para que su veterinario la examine.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.