Hidroxiurea
Hydroxyurea
Hydroxycarbamide
También conocido como: Hydrea · Droxia · Mylocel · Dacrodil · Droxiurea · Hydrine · Litalir · Medroxyurea · Neodrea · Onco-Carbide · Oxeron · Syrea · Hydroxycarbamide · Hydroxycarbamidum · NSC-32065 · SQ-1089 · WR-83799
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoMeningioma (extra-label)
Requiere verificación veterinaria
- q48-72h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (6)
- NOTE: Hydroxyurea is not commonly used in veterinary medicine, and published dosage recommendations can vary widely.
- Because of the potential toxicity of this drug to patients, veterinary personnel, and clients, and because chemotherapy indications, treatment protocols, monitoring, and safety guidelines often change, the following dosages should be used only as a general guide. 9
- ■ Hydroxyurea is a type of chemotherapy (anticancer). This medicine can be hazardous to other animals and people that come in contact with it. On the day your animal gets the medicine, and then for a few days afterward, handle all bodily waste (ie, urine, feces, litter), blood, or vomit only while wearing disposable gloves.
- ■ Hydroxyurea can be toxic to the gastrointestinal tract, causing vomiting, diarrhea, ulcers, and stomach upset. Giving the medicine to your animal with food may decrease these side effects.
- ■ This medication is considered to be a hazardous drug as defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Talk with your veterinarian or pharmacist about the use of personal protective equipment when handling this medicine.
- Protect hydroxyurea capsules and tablets from light and store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F); keep bottle tightly closed.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La hidroxiurea es un agente antineoplásico (anticanceroso) oral utilizado principalmente en medicina veterinaria para tratar trastornos mieloproliferativos.
Las indicaciones clave incluyen:
- Policitemia vera: Reduce la producción excesiva de glóbulos rojos.
- Leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC): Se utiliza a menudo cuando los pacientes ya no responden al busulfán.
- Tumores de mastocitos (Mastocitomas).
- Shunts cardiovasculares: Se utiliza como tratamiento adyuvante en el conducto arterioso persistente (PDA) con cortocircuito de derecha a izquierda o en la Tetralogía de Fallot para reducir el hematocrito y aliviar la hiperviscosidad.
- Síndrome hipereosinofílico felino y tratamiento adyuvante para meningiomas caninos.
Perla clínica: Debido a que es un agente de quimioterapia, el personal veterinario y los propietarios deben observar precauciones estrictas de manipulación para evitar la exposición accidental.
Mecanismo de acción
Hydroxyurea is an S-phase specific antimetabolite.
- It specifically inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase → blocks the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides → halts DNA synthesis without significantly interfering with RNA or protein synthesis.
- Cells are arrested at the G1-S border.
- It also inhibits urease (though less potently than acetohydroxamic acid) and can stimulate the production of fetal hemoglobin.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Pre-existing severe anemia or bone marrow depression
- History of urate stones
- Current severe infection
- Impaired renal function
- Patients who have recently received other chemotherapy or radiotherapy
- Pregnancy (proven teratogen)
Efectos adversos
- Bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
- GI effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Stomatitis
- Sloughing of nails
- Alopecia
- Dysuria
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Methemoglobinemia (especially in cats at high doses >500 mg)
Precauciones
Warning: Hydroxyurea is a known teratogen and can suppress gonadal function (arrest of spermatogenesis noted in dogs). Use only during pregnancy when benefits outweigh risks. Nursing animals should receive milk replacer.
- Myelotoxicity: If bone marrow depression occurs, halt therapy until values return to normal.
- Feline Sensitivity: Cats are at higher risk for bone marrow toxicity and methemoglobinemia; monitor closely.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May cause additive myelosuppression when used concurrently with hydroxyurea.
Hydroxyurea may raise serum uric acid levels; allopurinol may be required to control hyperuricemia.
Monitorización
- CBC with platelets at least every 1-2 weeks until stable; then every 3 months
- BUN/Serum Creatinine initially before starting treatment and then every 3-4 months
- Hematocrit levels (to guide tapering of dose)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Well absorbed after oral administration.
Distribución
Crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Metabolismo
About 50% of an absorbed dose is metabolized in the liver.
Eliminación
Approximately 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine, and the hepatic metabolites are also excreted in the urine.
Sobredosis
Because of the potential toxicity of the drug, overdoses should be treated aggressively with gut emptying protocols employed when possible.
Cats given hydroxyurea in doses greater than 500 mg (total) may develop methemoglobinemia (characterized by cyanosis, respiratory distress, and dark-colored blood). Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral capsules
- Oral suspension (compounded)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Hydroxyurea Oral Capsules: 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg & 500 mg (Hydrea, Droxia, generic)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Capsules should be stored in tight containers at room temperature. Avoid excessive heat. Compounded oral suspension (100 mg/mL in Syrpalta) retains >95% potency for 180 days at 25°C, but must be protected from light. Heating to 41°C results in an immediate 40% loss of drug potency.
Información para el cliente
PRECAUCIONES DE MANIPULACIÓN DE QUIMIOTERAPIA: Este es un medicamento contra el cáncer. Use guantes desechables al manipular el medicamento y al limpiar la orina, heces o vómito de su mascota. Las mujeres embarazadas o personas que intenten concebir no deben manipular este medicamento.
- Administración: Administre exactamente como lo prescribió su veterinario. No abra, triture ni parta las cápsulas a menos que se le indique específicamente hacerlo.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a la pérdida de apetito, vómitos o diarrea. Comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato si nota sangrado inusual, hematomas, letargo o signos de infección.
- Cambios en las uñas: Este medicamento puede causar que las uñas de su mascota se vuelvan quebradizas o se desprendan.
- Gatos: Los gatos son altamente sensibles a este fármaco. Observe atentamente si presentan dificultades respiratorias o encías de color azul/marrón, lo cual constituye una emergencia médica.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.