Ipratropium Bromide
Locally administered (inhaled) ipratropium bromide is an antimuscarinic agent used for the adjunctive treatment of bronchospastic conditions, such as Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) in horses and chronic respiratory diseases in small animals. **Clinical Pearls:** * Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine. Because of its highly polar nature, it is poorly absorbed into the systemic circulation and does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, significantly reducing the risk of systemic anticholinergic side effects. * It has a relatively short duration of activity and may need to be administered frequently. * While there is limited formal pharmacokinetic data in small animals, it is generally considered safe and effective as an adjunctive bronchodilator.
Mecanismo: Ipratropium acts as a competitive antagonist of **acetylcholine** at muscarinic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle. * **Mechanism:** Antagonizes acetylcholine → Prevents increases in intracellular **cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)** → Reduces bronchial smooth muscle constriction. * **Advantage over Atropine:** Unlike atropine, ipratropium **does not reduce mucociliary clearance**, making it highly beneficial for patients with respiratory diseases where clearing airway secretions is critical.
Dosificación por especie
- Adjunctive treatment of RAO, heaves (mild to moderate disease) · 180 micrograms inhaled aerosol · Inhalation · q4-6h · 14 days
- Adjunctive treatment of RAO/heaves (moderate to severe disease) · 90-180 micrograms inhaled via Equine Aeromask or Equine Haler · Inhalation · every 6 hours
- Adjunctive treatment of foals with severe bronchospasm · 2-3 micrograms/kg via aerosol · Inhalation · q6-8h
- As a bronchodilator in rats · one puff into nebulization chamber · Inhalation · twice daily
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para médicos veterinarios. Confirme siempre con la información vigente del producto y el paciente individual.
Vías de administración
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to ipratropium or other atropine derivatives
Efectos adversos
- Tracheal or bronchial irritation (coughing)
- Allergic responses
- Mild anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, tachycardia) in rare cases
Interacciones farmacológicas
- Anticholinergic drugs · May cause additive antimuscarinic effects
- Beta-adrenergic agonists (e.g., albuterol) · May have additive therapeutic bronchodilatory effects
Monitoreo
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in respiratory rate, effort, and lung sounds)
Sobredosis
Overdosage is unlikely to be a cause for concern. The drug is not well absorbed orally or after inhalation. Oral LD50 values for laboratory animals were greater than 1 gram/kg.
La referencia de fármacos de VetSheet está destinada a médicos veterinarios como apoyo a la decisión clínica; no sustituye el juicio profesional ni la información vigente del fabricante.