Lincomicina
Lincomycin
Lincomycin hydrochloride
También conocido como: Lincocin · Lincomix · LincoMed · Linco-Ped · Lincono · Macrolin · Lincoject · U-10149 · NSC-70731 · Anbycin · Frademicina · Fredcina · Lincomicina · Lincomycine · Lincomycinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin and soft tissue infections | 15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q8h or q12h | Superficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic infections | 22 mg/kg IM, SC, or IV (must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion) q24h or 11 mg/kg IM or SC q12h | IM, SC, IV | q24h or q12h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Bacteremia, sepsis | 11-22 mg/kg IV q8h | IV | q8h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 40-50 mg/kg/day PO divided into two or three doses per day | PO | Divided into two or three doses per day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Superficial pyodermas | 20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 22 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | Twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11-22 mg/kg | IV | q12-24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Systemic infections: IV must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion
- Pyoderma: Good for first time pyodermas
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin and soft tissue infections | 11 mg/kg IM q12h or 22 mg/kg IM q24h | IM | q12h or q24h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic infections | 15 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q8h or q12h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11-22 mg/kg | IV | q12-24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO three times daily; 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | PO, IM | Three times daily (PO) or twice daily (IM) | — | 🌎 NA |
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycoplasmal (M. hyopneumoniae) pneumonia | Fed at 200 grams per ton of feed for 21 days or 11 mg/kg IM once daily | PO, IM | Continuous in feed or once daily IM | 21 days (feed) | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 11 mg/kg IM once daily for 3-7 days; or added to drinking water at a rate of 250 mg/gallon (average of 8.36 mg/kg/day) | IM, PO | Once daily (IM) or continuous in water | 3-7 days (IM) | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La lincomicina es un antibiótico lincosamida de espectro estrecho a intermedio estrechamente relacionado con la clindamicina. Se utiliza principalmente en medicina veterinaria para tratar infecciones causadas por cocos aerobios grampositivos susceptibles (como Staphylococcus y Streptococcus spp.), diversas bacterias anaerobias y Mycoplasma.
Las características farmacológicas clave incluyen:
- Espectro de actividad: Efectivo contra muchos anaerobios, aerobios grampositivos y Toxoplasma. Generalmente es inactivo contra aerobios gramnegativos y Enterococcus faecalis.
- Utilidad clínica: Aunque está aprobado por la FDA para perros, gatos y cerdos, su uso en animales pequeños ha sido desplazado en gran medida por la clindamicina, que cuenta con una mejor biodisponibilidad oral, mayor actividad intrínseca y un perfil de toxicidad más bajo.
- Perfil de toxicidad: Está estrictamente contraindicado en fermentadores de intestino posterior y rumiantes (p. ej., caballos, conejos, roedores) debido al riesgo de enterocolitis clostridial grave, a menudo fatal.
Perla clínica: La lincomicina es un antibiótico tiempo-dependiente. Mantener las concentraciones del fármaco por encima de la Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM) durante todo el intervalo de dosificación es crítico para el éxito clínico.
Mecanismo de acción
Lincomycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit → Blocks the transpeptidation and translocation steps → Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
Depending on the concentration of the drug at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the targeted organism, lincomycin can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
Note: Complete cross-resistance occurs between lincomycin and clindamycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides like erythromycin due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Rabbits
- Hamsters
- Guinea pigs
- Horses
- Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
- Patients with preexisting monilial (yeast) infections
- Neonatal animals (relative contraindication due to gut flora effects)
- Rapid intravenous administration
- Use with caution in patients with severe liver disease
Efectos adversos
- Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea in dogs)
- Pain and inflammation at IM injection sites
- Hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest (if administered rapidly IV)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances in swine
- Diarrhea in nursing neonates (drug distributes into milk)
- Diarrhoea (potentially haemorrhagic)
- Colitis
- Hepatotoxicity (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
- Cardiac depression (if given rapidly IV)
- Peripheral neuromuscular blockade (if given rapidly IV)
Precauciones
Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction; consider reducing the dosage in severe cases as half-lives can be significantly prolonged.
Intravenous Administration: Must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion to prevent severe hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest.
Species Warnings: Never administer to horses, ruminants, or small herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters) as it can cause fatal dysbiosis and enterocolitis.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Lincomycin may reduce systemic levels of cyclosporine.
In vitro antagonism occurs due to competing ribosomal binding sites; concomitant use should be avoided.
Reduces the absorption of oral lincomycin by up to 90%. If both are necessary, separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Lincomycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and may enhance the effects of these agents; use cautiously.
Enhanced neuromuscular blockade action
Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)
Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects, particularly severe or bloody diarrhea
- Liver function tests (AST, ALT, Alk. Phosph.) may show slight, usually clinically insignificant, increases
- Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhoea or haemorrhagic stool)
- Liver enzymes (in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gut (only about 30-40% of total dose). Food decreases both the extent and rate of absorption. Peak serum levels are attained 2-4 hours post-oral dosing, and about 30 minutes post-IM injection (IM peaks are double oral peaks).
Distribución
Distributes widely into most tissues including bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, and heart muscle. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. Protein binding is 57-72%. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk at concentrations equal to plasma.
Metabolismo
Partially metabolized in the liver.
Eliminación
Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Sobredosis
There is limited information regarding acute overdoses. Lincomycin appears to have a wide margin of safety in dogs. Oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year, or parenteral doses of 60 mg/kg/day, did not result in apparent toxicity. If a massive overdose occurs, standard supportive care and gastrointestinal decontamination (if oral and recent) should be considered.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral tablets
- Oral solution (drops)
- Sterile injection
- Soluble powder/feed additive
- Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
- Oral: powder for solution
Veterinario
- Lincomycin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg (Lincocin)
- Lincomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL in 20 mL dropper bottles (Lincocin Aquadrops)
- Lincomycin Sterile Injection: 100 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Lincocin)
- Lincomycin Sterile Injection (Swine): 25 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL & 300 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Lincocin Sterile Solution, Lincomix Injectable)
- Various combination feed/water additive products for swine and poultry
- Lincocin 100 mg/ml injection
- Lincoject 100 mg/ml injection
- Lincocin powder for oral solution
Etiquetado para humanos
- Lincomycin Injection: 300 mg/mL in 2 mL & 10 mL vials (Lincocin)
Estado regulador
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Capsules, tablets, and soluble powder should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) in tight containers. Injectable products should be stored at room temperature; avoid freezing. Physically compatible for at least 24 hours in various IV fluids (D5W, 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's). Incompatible with ampicillin sodium, carbenicillin disodium, methicillin sodium, and phenytoin sodium.
Información para el cliente
- Administración: Administre el medicamento exactamente como se le indicó. Aunque la comida puede disminuir la absorción, si su mascota presenta malestar estomacal leve, administrarlo con un pequeño premio o comida puede ayudar.
- Complete el tratamiento: No suspenda el medicamento antes de tiempo aunque su mascota parezca estar mejor, ya que esto puede provocar infecciones resistentes.
- Efectos adversos: Contacte a su veterinario de inmediato si nota diarrea grave, prolongada o con sangre, vómitos o pérdida de apetito.
- Mascotas lactantes: Informe a su veterinario si su mascota está embarazada o amamantando, ya que este fármaco pasa a la leche y puede causar diarrea en las crías lactantes.
- Otros medicamentos: No administre medicamentos antidiarreicos de venta libre que contengan caolín dentro de las 2 horas posteriores a la administración de este fármaco, ya que impedirá la absorción del antibiótico.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.