Minociclina
Minocycline
Minocycline Hydrochloride
También conocido como: Minocin · Dynacin · Solodyn · Myrac · Arestin · Aknemin · minocyclini hydrochloridum · Asolmicina · Cyclimycin · Cyclomin · Dermirex · Meibi · Minogal · Minox · Minocyclinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoLyme borreliosis (extra-label)
Requiere verificación veterinaria
- q12-24h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (6)
- NOTE: No clinical studies using IV minocycline were located.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze oral suspensions. The injectable should be stored at room temperature ( 20°C-25°C [68°F-77°F]) and protected from light, moisture, and excessive heat. After reconstitution with sterile water for injection, solutions with a concentration of 20 mg/mL are stable for 4 hours at room temperature or for 24 hours if refrigerated.
- ■ Oral minocycline works best when given without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving the medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with a small amount of food or a treat.
- ■ Do not give antacids, including sucralfate, oral iron, and antidiarrheal medicine, within 2 hours before or after giving minocycline.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La minociclina es un antibiótico de la familia de las tetraciclinas de segunda generación altamente lipofílico. Se destaca por su excelente penetración tisular, incluyendo su capacidad para cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica y penetrar en la próstata.
- Usos clínicos: Brucelosis, enfermedad de Lyme, micoplasmosis hemotrópica, infecciones por micobacterias atípicas e infecciones nosocomiales resistentes.
- Ventajas: Menor probabilidad de causar anomalías óseas y dentales en comparación con las tetraciclinas más antiguas y más hidrosolubles. Puede utilizarse de forma segura en pacientes con insuficiencia renal moderada sin necesidad de ajustar la dosis.
- Propiedades adicionales: Más allá de sus efectos antimicrobianos, la minociclina exhibe propiedades antiinflamatorias y neuroprotectoras (por ejemplo, la inhibición de las metaloproteinasas de la matriz), lo que ha llevado a su investigación como terapia adyuvante para afecciones como el hemangiosarcoma, aunque los resultados iniciales han sido decepcionantes.
Mecanismo de acción
Minocycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that exhibits time-dependent (AUC/MIC) inhibition of bacterial growth.
- Primary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → blocks the binding of aminoacyl transfer-RNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
- Secondary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit → alters cytoplasmic membrane permeability, leading to leakage of intracellular components.
- Mammalian Effects: At very high concentrations, it can inhibit mammalian protein synthesis. It also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and apoptosis, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
- Pregnant or nursing animals
- Animals less than 6 months old (relative contraindication)
- Pregnancy
- Young, developing animals
Efectos adversos
- Nausea and vomiting (most common)
- Dental or bone staining (if exposed in utero or early life)
- Increases in hepatic enzymes (rare)
- Ototoxicity (rare)
- Urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmias, and shock (if given rapidly IV)
- Superinfections (overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi)
- Photosensitivity (reported in humans)
- Hepatotoxicity or blood dyscrasias (rare, reported in humans)
- CNS effects like dizziness/lightheadedness (reported in humans)
- Blue-gray pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes (reported in humans)
- Diarrhoea
- Bone and teeth abnormalities (in developing animals)
- Oesophageal erosions (especially in cats if dry-pilled)
Precauciones
Intravenous Administration: Give IV injections slowly. Rapid IV injection in dogs has caused urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, arrhythmias, and shock.
- Renal Impairment: Can be used in moderate renal insufficiency without dosage adjustment, but oliguric renal failure may require adjustment.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Avoid use during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh fetal risks (can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth). Avoid during nursing as it is excreted in milk.
- Laboratory Interference: Can cause false-positive urine glucose results (cupric sulfate method) or false-negative results (glucose oxidase method).
Interacciones farmacológicas
Can chelate divalent or trivalent cations, decreasing absorption of the tetracycline. Give at least 12 hours before or after the cation-containing product.
May reduce minocycline absorption.
Decreased tetracycline absorption. Give iron salts 3 hours before or 2 hours after the tetracycline dose.
May increase the risk for nervous system effects when used concurrently.
Bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal activity of these antibiotics (clinical significance is controversial).
Tetracyclines may depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects (GI upset, signs of hypersensitivity)
- Renal function (if used concurrently with nephrotoxic drugs like gentamicin)
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Hepatic function (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Well absorbed after oral administration regardless of the presence of food.
Distribución
Highly lipid soluble and distributed widely throughout the body. Therapeutic levels can be found in the CSF (whether meninges are inflamed or not), prostate, saliva, and eye.
Metabolismo
Extensively metabolized in the liver.
Eliminación
Primarily excreted as inactive metabolites in the feces and urine. Less than 20% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Sobredosis
Oral overdoses are most likely associated with GI disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, and/or diarrhea).
- Treatment: Although less vulnerable to chelation than other tetracyclines, oral administration of divalent or trivalent cation antacids may bind some of the drug and reduce GI distress.
- Supportive Care: Should the patient develop severe emesis or diarrhea, monitor fluids and electrolytes and replace if necessary.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral tablets
- Pellet-filled oral capsules
- Oral suspension
- Powder for injection
- Powdered microspheres (dental)
- 50 mg capsules
- 100 mg capsules
- 50 mg tablets
- 100 mg tablets
Etiquetado para humanos
- Minocycline HCl Oral Tablets: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg
- Minocycline HCl Extended-Release Tablets: 45 mg, 65 mg, 90 mg, 115 mg & 135 mg (Dynacin, Myrac, Solodyn)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg (Dynacin)
- Minocycline HCl Pellet-filled Oral Capsules: 50 mg & 100 mg (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powder for Injection: 100 mg vials (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powdered Microspheres, dental: 1 mg (Arestin)
- Aknemin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
- Minocin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
Estado regulador
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze the oral suspension. Store injectable at room temperature and protect from light. After reconstituting with sterile water for injection, 20 mg/mL solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Do not add calcium-containing IV fluids (like Ringer's) as precipitation could result.
Información para el cliente
Importante: Administre este medicamento exactamente como se le ha recetado durante todo el tiempo recomendado por su veterinario, incluso si su mascota parece estar completamente recuperada. Suspender el tratamiento antes de tiempo puede provocar infecciones resistentes.
- Administración: Puede administrarse con o sin comida. Si causa malestar estomacal (náuseas o vómitos), administrarlo con una pequeña cantidad de alimento suele ayudar a aliviar estos efectos.
- Productos lácteos: A diferencia de las tetraciclinas más antiguas, la leche u otros productos lácteos no alteran significativamente la cantidad de minociclina absorbida.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a vómitos, diarrea o pérdida de apetito. Comuníquese con su veterinario si estos síntomas son graves o persistentes.
- Almacenamiento: Mantenga los medicamentos orales a temperatura ambiente en un recipiente bien cerrado. No congele la suspensión líquida.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.