Omeprazol
Omeprazole
5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole
También conocido como: Gastrogard · Prilosec · Ulcergard · Zegerid · H-168/68 · omeprazolum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI ulcer management/prevention | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of uremic gastropathy | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Prevent exercise-induced gastritis in racing Alaskan sled dogs | approx. 0.85 mg/kg (one 20 mg tablet) once daily approximately 30 minutes before being fed | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of esophagitis or gastric ulcers | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Gastrinomas or severe esophagitis | 0.7-1.5 mg/kg PO q24h, but if severe esophagitis or gastrinomas may use up to 2 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h-q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| General GI therapeutics | 0.7 mg/kg PO q24h (20 mg/dog) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Esophagitis | 0.7 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of uremic vomiting | 0.7 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Helicobacter infection/gastritis | Omeprazole 0.7 mg/kg PO once daily (or an H2 blocker), amoxicillin 15 mg/kg PO twice daily, metronidazole 10 mg/kg PO twice daily, and Pepto Bismol ¼-2 tablets PO twice daily | PO | q24h | 2 weeks | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of uremic gastropathy: Dosage may need to be modified in moderate or severe renal failure.
- Prevent exercise-induced gastritis in racing Alaskan sled dogs: Dosing began approximately 48 hours before exercise.
- Helicobacter infection/gastritis: Other suggestions include omeprazole with either azithromycin 10-20 mg/kg PO once daily or clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg PO twice daily.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of esophagitis or gastric ulcers | 0.5-1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| GI ulcer management/prevention | 0.7-1.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h | PO | q12h-q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of uremic gastropathy | 0.7 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of uremic gastropathy: Dosage may need to be modified in moderate or severe renal failure.
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term treatment of gastroenteritis | 0.7 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | Short-term | 🌎 NA |
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of gastric ulcers | 4 mg/kg PO once daily for 4 weeks; to prevent recurrence treat for at least another 4 weeks at 2 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 8 weeks total | 🌎 NA |
| Foals: Preventative dose | 1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Foals: Treatment dose | 4 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment or prophylaxis of gastric ulcers in foals | 4 mg/kg PO once daily for treatment, 1-2 mg/kg PO once daily for prophylaxis | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Foals: Gastric ulcers | 4 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of gastric ulcers: ARCI UCGFS Class 5 Drug
- Foals: Preventative dose: There has been a recent shift to not administering prophylactic antiulcer medication routinely to sick foals.
- Foals: Treatment dose: Will reduce gastric pH in a few hours.
- Foals: Gastric ulcers: Commonly foals will be started on ranitidine (1.5 mg/kg IV q8h; 6.6 mg/kg PO q8h) and omeprazole together.
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulcer management | 40 mg of PO daily for two days; fasted for 48 hours | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El omeprazol es un inhibidor de la bomba de protones (IBP) altamente eficaz, ampliamente utilizado en medicina veterinaria para el tratamiento y la prevención de úlceras y erosiones gastroduodenales.
- Eficacia superior: Generalmente se considera superior a los antagonistas de los receptores H2 (como la famotidina) para elevar el pH gástrico y prevenir la gastritis inducida por el ejercicio, como se ha demostrado en perros de trineo de Alaska.
- Uso en equinos: Existe una formulación en pasta oral específicamente etiquetada y altamente eficaz para el tratamiento y la prevención de úlceras gástricas en caballos (EGUS).
- Amplia aplicación: Se utiliza en múltiples especies, incluyendo perros, gatos, hurones y cerdos, para manejar condiciones como la gastropatía urémica, esofagitis, infecciones por Helicobacter y ulceraciones inducidas por AINEs o corticosteroides.
Perla clínica: Debido a que el omeprazol requiere un ambiente ácido para su activación pero es degradado por el ácido estomacal antes de su absorción, las formulaciones orales humanas están recubiertas con una capa entérica. Estas no deben triturarse ni masticarse, ya que esto destruiría la biodisponibilidad del fármaco.
Mecanismo de acción
Omeprazole is a prodrug that acts as a substituted benzimidazole gastric acid pump inhibitor.
- Absorption & Distribution: After absorption, it diffuses from the blood into the highly acidic secretory canaliculi of the gastric parietal cells.
- Activation: In this acidic environment (pH < 3), it is protonated and rearranged into its active form, a sulphenamide derivative.
- Irreversible Binding: The active sulphenamide binds irreversibly via disulfide bonds to the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase enzyme (the proton pump) at the secretory surface.
- Acid Suppression: This blocks the final common pathway of gastric acid secretion, inhibiting the transport of hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen during both basal and stimulated conditions.
Pharmacological Note: Because the binding is irreversible, acid secretion only resumes when new H⁺/K⁺ ATPase enzymes are synthesized. This explains why its duration of action (24-72 hours) far outlasts its short plasma half-life (~1 hour). Omeprazole also inhibits the hepatic cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system, which can lead to drug interactions.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole
Efectos adversos
- GI distress (anorexia, colic, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea)
- Hematologic abnormalities (rare)
- Urinary tract infections
- Proteinuria
- CNS disturbances
- Urticaria (rare in horses)
Precauciones
Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic or renal disease, as the drug's half-life may be prolonged and dosage adjustment may be necessary. Safety during pregnancy is not fully established (FDA Category C); high doses in lab animals showed embryo-lethality. Nursing is discouraged due to potential adverse effects in infants and tumorigenicity seen in rat studies. Chronic very high doses in rats caused enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and gastric carcinoid tumors, though the clinical significance for standard veterinary use (e.g., 4 weeks in dogs, 90 days in horses) is believed to be low.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Omeprazole may potentially alter benzodiazepine metabolism and prolong CNS effects
Increased levels of omeprazole, clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin are possible
Omeprazole may decrease oral absorption
Omeprazole may reduce cyclosporine metabolism
Omeprazole increases gastric pH, which may decrease the absorption of these drugs that require an acidic environment
Omeprazole may increase anticoagulant effect
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs of ulcers/esophagitis)
- Adverse effects (GI distress)
- Liver enzymes (may increase)
- Serum gastrin levels (will increase early in therapy)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly absorbed from the gut. The human commercial product is in an enteric-coated granule form as the drug is rapidly degraded by stomach acid. The equine paste is not enteric coated. In humans, peak serum levels occur within 0.5-3.5 hours and onset of action within 1 hour.
Distribución
Distributed widely, but primarily concentrates in gastric parietal cells. In humans, approximately 95% is bound to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. It is unknown whether omeprazole enters maternal milk.
Metabolismo
Extensively metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system to at least six different metabolites. Significant hepatic dysfunction will reduce the first pass effect of the drug.
Eliminación
Metabolites are excreted principally in the urine, but also via the bile into feces.
Sobredosis
The LD50 in rats after oral administration is reportedly >4 grams/kg. Humans have tolerated oral dosages of 360 mg/day without significant toxicity.
Should a massive overdose occur, treat symptomatically and supportively. Due to its wide safety margin, acute toxicity from accidental ingestion is generally mild.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral paste
- Delayed-release capsules (enteric-coated)
- Delayed-release tablets (enteric-coated)
- Powder for oral suspension (with sodium bicarbonate)
- Immediate-release capsules (with sodium bicarbonate)
Veterinario
- Omeprazole Oral Paste, 2.28 g per syringe; Gastrogard® (Merial), (Rx)
- Omeprazole Oral Paste, 2.28 g per syringe; Ulcergard® (Merial), (OTC)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Omeprazole Oral Delayed-Release Capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg & 40 mg; Prilosec®
- Omeprazole Oral Delayed-Release Tablets: 20 mg; Prilosec® OTC
- Omeprazole/Sodium Bicarbonate Oral Capsules (Immediate Release): 20 mg or 40 mg omeprazole with 1,100 mg sodium bicarbonate; Zegerid®
- Omeprazole/Sodium Bicarbonate Powder for Oral Suspension: 20 mg or 40 mg omeprazole with 1,680 mg sodium bicarbonate; Zegerid®
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Omeprazole oral paste should be stored below 86°F (30°C). Transient exposure to temperatures up to 104°F is permitted. Omeprazole tablets/capsules should be stored at room temperature in light-resistant, tight containers. Omeprazole pellets found in the capsules are fragile and should not be crushed.
Información para el cliente
- El momento es crucial: Administre este medicamento con el estómago vacío, preferiblemente por la mañana, aproximadamente 30 a 60 minutos antes de una comida. El fármaco necesita que las bombas de protones estén activas para funcionar, las cuales son estimuladas por la ingesta de alimento.
- No triturar ni masticar: Si utiliza cápsulas o tabletas humanas, estas están recubiertas especialmente para sobrevivir al ácido estomacal. Triturarlas o masticarlas destruirá el medicamento antes de que pueda ser absorbido.
- Si debe abrir una cápsula para administrar los gránulos, mézclelos suavemente con una pequeña cantidad de jugo de frutas (no agua, leche o solución salina) y adminístrelos inmediatamente sin triturar los gránulos.
- Contacte a su veterinario si su mascota presenta vómitos persistentes, diarrea o pérdida de apetito.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.