Orbifloxacino
Orbifloxacin
4-fluoroquinolone
También conocido como: Orbax · Posatex · Marufloxacin · Orbifloxacino · Orbifloxacinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses) | 2.5-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial cystitis | 2.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Otitis | 2-8 drops per ear | topical | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary in hospitalized patients, those with underlying disease, structural alterations, or infections caused by 'problem' pathogens.
- Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension.
- Otitis: Number of drops is determined by the weight of the dog.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin infections (wounds and abscesses) | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary for complicated infections.
- Skin infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension. For susceptible strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. multocida.
- Skin and other soft tissue infections: Caution with higher doses due to risk of retinal blindness.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El orbifloxacino es un antibiótico fluoroquinolona sintético de amplio espectro utilizado principalmente en medicina veterinaria. Presenta una actividad bactericida dependiente de la concentración y posee un efecto post-antibiótico (EPA) significativo, lo que significa que el crecimiento bacteriano continúa siendo suprimido incluso después de que las concentraciones del fármaco caen por debajo de la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM).
Es altamente eficaz contra bacilos gramnegativos aerobios (p. ej., E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pasteurella) y algunos cocos grampositivos (p. ej., Staphylococcus intermedius, S. aureus).
Perla clínica: Al igual que otras fluoroquinolonas, el orbifloxacino tiene una eficacia deficiente contra anaerobios obligados y la mayoría de las especies de Enterococcus. Debe reservarse para infecciones donde el cultivo y el antibiograma indiquen su necesidad, promoviendo un uso responsable de los antimicrobianos.
Mecanismo de acción
Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting two essential bacterial enzymes:
- DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II): The primary target in gram-negative bacteria. It prevents the relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA, which is required for normal transcription and replication.
- Topoisomerase IV: The primary target in gram-positive bacteria. It interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
Mechanism Pathway: Orbifloxacin binds to the enzyme-DNA complex → inhibits DNA replication and transcription → induces double-stranded DNA breaks → rapid bacterial cell death.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Immature dogs during the rapid growth phase (2-8 months in small/medium breeds; up to 18 months in large/giant breeds)
- Known hypersensitivity to orbifloxacin or other quinolones
- Giant-breed dogs <18 months old
- Large breeds <12 months old
- Small and medium-sized breeds <8 months old
- Pregnant or lactating bitches
- Animals intended for breeding
- Animals <4 months of age (otic preparation)
- Animals with a ruptured tympanum (otic preparation)
Efectos adversos
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Arthropathies (cartilage damage) in immature, growing animals
- Potential retinal toxicity/blindness in cats (rare, but reported with higher doses of fluoroquinolones)
- CNS stimulation (rare)
- Cartilage abnormalities in growing animals
- CNS adverse effects (potentiated by NSAIDs)
- Retinal blindness in cats (dose-dependent)
Precauciones
Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (e.g., seizure disorders) as fluoroquinolones have rarely been associated with CNS stimulation. Safety in breeding or pregnant dogs and cats has not been established. Use higher dosages carefully in cats due to the potential risk of retinal toxicity.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Cations (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++) bind to orbifloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Unpredictable synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
May increase the AUC and elimination half-life of fluoroquinolones.
Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
Decreased orbifloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
May alter phenytoin levels.
Blocks tubular secretion, potentially increasing blood levels and half-life of orbifloxacin.
May inhibit absorption of orbifloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
May increase theophylline blood levels.
Potential for increased warfarin effects.
Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing GI absorption
Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours
May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
May increase anticoagulant action
Potentiates CNS adverse effects (seizures)
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Gastrointestinal signs (appetite, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Vision changes or pupillary dilation in cats
- Neurological signs (seizures) in predisposed patients
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Nearly completely absorbed after oral administration in dogs and cats. In horses, oral bioavailability is approximately 70%.
Distribución
Distributes well into tissues. Volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.5 L/kg in dogs and 1.4 L/kg in cats. Protein binding is low (8% in dogs, 15% in cats, approx. 20% in horses).
Metabolismo
Approximately 50% of the drug is excreted unchanged.
Eliminación
Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Urine levels remain well above MICs for susceptible organisms for at least 24 hours after dosing.
Sobredosis
In dogs, receiving up to 5X the maximum dose (37.5 mg/kg) for 30 days did not result in any significant adverse effects. In cats, receiving higher dosages exhibited soft feces and decreased body weight gains.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral tablets
- 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- 8.5 mg/ml otic drops (combined with mometasone and posaconazole)
Veterinario
- Orbifloxacin Oral Tablets: 5.7 mg, 22.7 mg, 68 mg (Orbax)
- Orbifloxacin Oral Suspension: 30 mg/mL (Orbax Suspension)
- Orbax 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- Posatex otic drops
Estado regulador
POM-V
POM-V
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored between 2-30°C (36-86°F) and protected from excessive moisture. Oral suspension should be stored between 2-25°C (36-77°F); it does not require refrigeration. Store upright and shake well before use. Compounded mixtures with calcium or magnesium (e.g., Lixotinic) show significant inactivation within 4 days.
Información para el cliente
- Administración: Administre este medicamento exactamente como lo recetó su veterinario. No suspenda el tratamiento antes de tiempo, incluso si su mascota parece sentirse mejor, para evitar infecciones resistentes a los antibióticos.
- Interacciones con alimentos: No administre este medicamento al mismo tiempo que productos lácteos (como queso o leche), antiácidos o suplementos que contengan calcio, hierro o zinc. Estos pueden bloquear la absorción del fármaco. Sepárelos por al menos 2 horas.
- Efectos secundarios: Los efectos secundarios más comunes son vómitos, diarrea o pérdida de apetito. Contacte a su veterinario si estos se vuelven graves.
Nota importante para propietarios de gatos: En casos raros, esta clase de medicamentos puede causar problemas de visión en gatos. Si nota que las pupilas de su gato están inusualmente dilatadas o parece tener dificultades para ver, suspenda el medicamento y contacte a su veterinario de inmediato.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.