Piridoxina (Vitamina B-6)
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B-6)
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
También conocido como: Aminoxin · Vitelle Nestrex · Vitamin B6 · adermine · pyridoxal-5-phosphate · pyridoxamine · pirodoxamina · piridossima · piridoxolum · piridossina
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoniazid (INH) toxicity | If quantity of INH ingested is known, give pyridoxine on a mg for mg (1:1) basis. If it is not known, give pyridoxine initially at 71 mg/kg as a 5-10% IV infusion over 30-60 minutes | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To replace pyridoxine antagonized by crimidine ingestion | 20 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To delay the development of cutaneous toxicity (PPES) associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated liposomes (Doxil®) | 50 mg | PO | q8h (three times daily) | During chemotherapy protocol period | 🌎 NA |
- Isoniazid (INH) toxicity: Some sources say it can be given as an IV bolus. Do not use injectable B-complex vitamins.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To replace pyridoxine antagonized by crimidine ingestion | 20 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La piridoxina (vitamina B6) es una vitamina hidrosoluble esencial para numerosos procesos metabólicos. En medicina veterinaria, sus indicaciones específicas principales son como antídoto para la toxicidad por isoniazida (INH) o crimidina, y para retrasar la toxicidad cutánea (eritrodisestesia palmoplantar) asociada con la doxorrubicina liposomal (Doxil®).
Perla clínica: Aunque la deficiencia dietética es extremadamente rara en perros y gatos que consumen dietas comerciales equilibradas, los gatos con enfermedad gastrointestinal grave pueden tener mayores requerimientos de piridoxina. Además, estudios in vitro han demostrado que la piridoxina puede suprimir el crecimiento de tumores mamarios felinos.
Mecanismo de acción
Pyridoxine is converted in erythrocytes to pyridoxal phosphate and, to a lesser extent, pyridoxamine, which act as vital coenzymes for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate utilization.
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis: Required for the synthesis of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the CNS, and the conversion of tryptophan → serotonin or niacin.
- Metabolic Pathways: Essential for glycogen breakdown, heme synthesis, and the conversion of oxalate → glycine.
- Toxicity Antidote: Acts as an antidote by directly enhancing the renal excretion of cycloserine and isoniazid.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Documented hypersensitivity or sensitivity to pyridoxine
Efectos adversos
- Paresthesias (reported in humans)
- Somnolence (reported in humans)
- Reduced serum folic acid levels
- Peripheral neuropathy (associated with massive overdoses)
Precauciones
Weigh potential risks versus benefits in patients with documented sensitivity to pyridoxine. While very safe at recommended doses during pregnancy, very large doses during pregnancy can cause a pyridoxine dependency syndrome in neonates. Pyridoxine requirements of the dam may be increased during nursing.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
Pyridoxine may reduce levodopa efficacy (no interaction when levodopa is used with carbidopa)
High dose pyridoxine may decrease phenobarbital serum levels
High dose pyridoxine may decrease phenytoin serum concentration
Monitorización
- Efficacy for intended use
- Neurologic signs (gait, coordination) if on high doses
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Absorbed from the GI tract primarily in the jejunum. Malabsorption syndromes can significantly impair pyridoxine absorption.
Distribución
Pyridoxine is not bound to plasma proteins, but its active metabolite pyridoxal phosphate is completely bound to plasma proteins. Stored primarily in the liver with smaller amounts stored in the brain and muscle.
Metabolismo
Biotransformed in the liver and various tissues to active coenzymes.
Eliminación
Excreted almost entirely as metabolites into the urine.
Sobredosis
Warning: While single overdoses are generally not problematic unless massive, chronic high doses can cause severe neurologic toxicity.
- Massive Acute Overdose: Laboratory animals given 3-4 grams/kg developed seizures and died.
- Chronic Overdose: Dogs (Beagles) repeatedly given 3 gram oral daily doses developed uncoordinated gait and neurologic signs. Neuronal lesions were noted in sensory, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia. Signs generally resolved over a 2-month drug-free period.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Enteric-coated tablets
- Injection
Veterinario
- No single ingredient veterinary-labeled pyridoxine products are available (found in combination products)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Pyridoxine Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, & 500 mg
- Pyridoxine (as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) Tablets (enteric-coated): 20 mg (Aminoxin®)
- Pyridoxine HCl Injection: 100 mg/mL in 1 mL vials
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored below 40°C (104°F), preferably between 15-30°C (59-86°F), in well-closed containers protected from light. Injection should be stored at the same temperatures, protected from light and freezing. Injection can be administered undiluted or added to commonly used IV solutions. Compatible with doxapram and 10% fat emulsion. Incompatible with alkaline or oxidizing solutions, and iron salts.
Información para el cliente
Importante: La piridoxina es generalmente muy segura, pero dosis extremadamente altas pueden causar daño nervioso.
- No exceda la dosis prescrita por su veterinario.
- Contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si su mascota desarrolla signos neurológicos anormales, tales como dificultad para caminar, tropiezos o problemas para usar escaleras.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.