Cloruro de sodio
Sodium chloride
También conocido como: Aqupharm · Vetivex · Normal Saline · NaCl
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) | Dose not specified in monograph | PO | As directed | Long-term | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis): Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
- Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management): Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement: Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El cloruro de sodio es un fluido cristaloide fundamental utilizado en medicina veterinaria para la reposición de líquidos, el equilibrio electrolítico y como diluyente de fármacos. Está disponible en formulaciones hipotónicas, isotónicas (solución salina normal) e hipertónicas.
Perla clínica: La solución salina hipertónica es un potente expansor de volumen utilizado en casos de shock, pero requiere un control cuidadoso de los niveles de sodio sérico y el seguimiento con fluidos isotónicos.
Mecanismo de acción
Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand plasma volume and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation.
When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
- Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)
Efectos adversos
- Peripheral oedema
- Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
- Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
- Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)
Precauciones
Warning: Hypertonic saline solutions have very high sodium concentrations. Monitor serum sodium concentrations before and after administration. Maintenance with an isotonic crystalloid is usually required after administration to correct electrolyte and fluid disturbances.
Safety and handling: Hypertonic saline solutions should be regarded as drugs, not standard IV fluids, and stored separately to prevent confusion.
Clinical Pearl: Enteric-coated products for oral use may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy. Normal saline contains higher amounts of chloride than plasma, increasing the risk of acidosis.
Monitorización
- Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
- Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
- Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
- Hydration status and fluid balance
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Enteric-coated oral products may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy.
Distribución
Crystalloids distribute widely into extracellular fluid compartments; 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given compared to colloids to achieve the same plasma volume expansion.
Sobredosis
Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of hyperchloraemic acidosis and peripheral oedema. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a vagally mediated bradycardia.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injectable: 0.45% to 7% NaCl solutions
- Injectable: 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose
- Injectable: 0.9% NaCl with 5% glucose
- Oral: 300 mg, 600 mg tablets
- Ophthalmic: 5% ointment (compounded)
Veterinario
- Aqupharm
- Vetivex
Etiquetado para humanos
- Hypertonic saline
- Sodium chloride
Estado regulador
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Hypertonic saline solutions should be stored separately from standard intravenous fluids to prevent accidental confusion and administration.
Información para el cliente
El cloruro de sodio (solución salina) se utiliza comúnmente para rehidratar a las mascotas, tratar el shock o manejar afecciones oculares específicas. Si a su mascota le han recetado tabletas de sal orales o ungüento oftálmico, siga cuidadosamente las instrucciones de su veterinario. El ungüento oftálmico puede causar una sensación de escozor leve y temporal. Asegúrese de que su mascota siempre tenga acceso a agua potable fresca.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.