Yoduro de sodio / Yoduro de potasio
Sodium Iodide / Potassium Iodide
Sodium Iodide, Potassium Iodide
También conocido como: SSKI · Iodoject · Pima · Thyrosafe · Iosat · Potassium Iodide · Sodium Iodide · Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide · EDDI
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sporotrichosis | 40 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | at least 60 days | 🌎 NA |
| Sporotrichosis | 40 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Sporotrichosis: Using SSKI
- Sporotrichosis: Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to have adverse effects.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sporotrichosis | 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h | PO | q12-24h | at least 60 days | 🌎 NA |
| Sporotrichosis | 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Sporotrichosis: Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to cause adverse effects.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sporotrichosis | 20-40 mg/kg PO daily | PO | q24h | several weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Sporotrichosis | Loading dose of sodium iodide at 20-40 mg/kg IV for 2-5 days, then 20-40 mg/kg PO once daily | IV, PO | q24h | at least 3 weeks after all clinical lesions disappear | 🌎 NA |
| Conidiobolomycosis | 20% sodium iodide at 44 mg/kg IV for 7 days, then ethylenediamine dihydroiodide at 1.3 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 months, then q24h for 1 year, then once per week | IV, PO | Variable | Over 1 year | 🌎 NA |
- Sporotrichosis: Sodium iodide
- Sporotrichosis: May administer via oral syringe or mixed in sweet feed. Topical hot packs of 20% sodium iodide may be used on open wounds.
- Conidiobolomycosis: Excessive lacrimation occasionally noted, but resolved if the drug was held for one day.
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinobacillosis (woody tongue) | 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution | IV | repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval | — | 🌎 NA |
- Actinobacillosis (woody tongue): Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment. Severe cases may require adjunctive antibiotics.
Ovejas
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinobacillosis | 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution | IV | repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval | — | 🌎 NA |
- Actinobacillosis: Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
Cabras
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinobacillosis | 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution | IV | repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval | — | 🌎 NA |
- Actinobacillosis: Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
Los yoduros (yoduro de sodio y yoduro de potasio) se utilizan principalmente en medicina veterinaria por sus efectos contra infecciones granulomatosas específicas.
Las indicaciones clave incluyen:
- Actinobacillosis (lengua de madera) y Actinomycosis (mandíbula abultada) en ganado bovino y otros rumiantes.
- Sporotrichosis (una infección fúngica profunda) en caballos, perros y gatos.
- Ocasionalmente se utiliza como expectorante o como suplemento para trastornos por deficiencia de yodo.
Perla clínica: Su uso en gatos es controvertido, ya que son altamente susceptibles a la toxicidad por yoduros (yodismo). A menudo se prefieren terapias antifúngicas alternativas como el itraconazol para la esporotricosis felina.
Mecanismo de acción
The exact mechanism of action for treating actinobacillosis and sporotrichosis is unknown.
- Iodides possess little to no direct in vitro antimicrobial or antifungal activity.
- They are believed to act by modifying the granulomatous inflammatory process.
- Proposed mechanism: Iodides may enhance phagocytosis by macrophages or alter the immune response within granulomas, facilitating the breakdown of granulomatous tissue and allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known iodide hypersensitivity
- Lactating animals (excreted in milk)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Renal failure
- Severe dehydration
- Pregnancy (may cause abortion in cattle)
Efectos adversos
- Excessive tearing (epiphora)
- Vomiting and nausea
- Anorexia / inappetence
- Nasal discharge
- Muscle twitching
- Cardiomyopathy
- Scaly haircoats and dandruff
- Hyperthermia
- Decreased milk production
- Decreased weight gain
- Coughing
- Diarrhea
- Goiter (especially in foals from supplemented mares)
- Cardiovascular failure (in severe toxicity)
Precauciones
Do NOT inject intramuscularly (IM).
When administering parenterally to horses, give slowly intravenously and with extreme caution, as severe generalized reactions have been reported.
Cats are highly prone to developing iodism (iodide toxicity). Weigh risks versus benefits carefully, especially in pregnant animals, as anecdotal reports suggest it can cause abortion in cattle (FDA Category D in humans).
Interacciones farmacológicas
Iodides may decrease the efficacy of antithyroid medications.
Iodides may enhance the efficacy of thyroid medications.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of granulomatous lesions)
- Signs of iodism (excessive tearing, nasal discharge, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, coughing, diarrhea)
- Thyroid function (if used long-term)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration.
Distribución
Widely distributed throughout extracellular fluids. Actively concentrated in the thyroid gland, salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and choroid plexus.
Metabolismo
Iodide is not metabolized but is incorporated into thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the thyroid gland.
Eliminación
Primarily excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Also excreted in milk, saliva, and tears. Therapeutic efficacy of IV sodium iodide for actinobacillosis is rapid, with beneficial effects usually seen within 48 hours.
Sobredosis
Excessive iodine accumulation leads to a toxic syndrome known as iodism.
- Clinical Signs: Excessive tearing (epiphora), vomiting, anorexia, nasal discharge, muscle twitching, cardiomyopathy, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, decreased milk production and weight gain, coughing, inappetence, and diarrhea.
- Species Sensitivity: Cats are particularly prone to developing iodism. Young animals may be more susceptible than adults. Foals have developed goiter when mares were excessively supplemented.
- Severe Toxicity: Can progress to depression, hypothermia, and cardiovascular failure.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection: 20% (200 mg/mL)
- Oral solution: 1 g/mL (SSKI)
- Oral syrup: 62.5 mg/mL
- Oral tablets: 65 mg, 130 mg
- Oral powder/granules (Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide)
Veterinario
- Sodium Iodide Injection: 20 grams/100 mL (20%; 200 mg/mL) in 250 mL vials
- Oral iodide powders/granules (Active ingredient: ethylenediamine dihydroiodide)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Potassium Iodide Solution (SSKI): 1 gram/mL
- Potassium Iodide Oral Syrup (Pima): 62.5 mg/mL
- Potassium Iodide Oral Tablets: 65 mg, 130 mg (Thyrosafe, Iosat)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store veterinary injectable products at room temperature (15-30°C). Store Supersaturated Potassium Iodide (SSKI) solution below 40°C (preferably 15-30°C) in a tight, light-resistant container; protect from freezing. Crystallization can occur at low temperatures; re-warming and shaking will usually redissolve crystals. If the solution turns brownish-yellow (oxidation), discard it. Physically incompatible with vitamins B and C injection.
Información para el cliente
Administrar este medicamento puede ser difícil debido a su sabor extremadamente desagradable.
- Administración: Al administrarlo por vía oral a perros o gatos, mezcle la dosis con comida o un líquido graso (como leche entera o helado) para mejorar la palatabilidad y reducir la posibilidad de náuseas y vómitos.
- Monitoreo de toxicidad: Observe a su mascota de cerca para detectar signos de toxicidad por yodo (yodismo). Comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato si nota lagrimeo excesivo, secreción nasal, tos, caspa severa, vómitos o pérdida de apetito.
- Animales de consumo: Si está tratando ganado destinado al consumo humano, consulte a su veterinario sobre los tiempos de retiro adecuados (se recomienda seguir la guía FARAD).
- Lactancia: No lo utilice en animales en período de lactancia a menos que se le indique, ya que el fármaco pasa a la leche. Cambie a un sustituto de leche si la madre requiere tratamiento.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.