Sulfasalazina
Sulfasalazine
Salicylazosulfapyridine
También conocido como: Azulfidine EN-tabs · salazosulfapyridine · salicylazosulfapyridine · sulfasalazinum · sulphasalazine · Aculfin · Azulfin · Colo-Pleon · Pleon RA · Pyralin · SAS · Salazopirina · Salazoprin · Salazopyrina · Salazopyrine · Salisulf Gastroprotetto · Salopyrine · Saridine · Sazo · Sulazine · Ulco
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 20-40 mg/kg PO q8h for 3 weeks, followed by 20-40 mg/kg q12h for 3 weeks, and 10-20 mg/kg q12h for 3 weeks. | PO | q8h then q12h | 9 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 20-48.4 mg/kg (maximum total dose of one gram in refractory patients) PO q8h. | PO | q8h | Minimum 4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic colitis | 20-50 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 1 gram) three times daily. | PO | q8h | Variable | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 10-25 mg/kg PO three times a day for 4-6 weeks. | PO | q8h | 4-6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of vasculitis | 20-40 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of vasculitis | 25 mg/kg PO three times a day. | PO | q8h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (Management of colitis) | 15-30 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Inflammatory large bowel disease: May consider an initial dose of 12.5 mg/kg, q8h. After signs resolve, reduce dosage by 25% at 2 week intervals.
- Chronic colitis: Initial dosage usually 20-30 mg/kg TID. Reduce dose at 2-4 week intervals if stool remains normal.
- Inflammatory large bowel disease: With resolution of clinical signs, reduce dose by 25 percent at 2 week intervals.
- All uses (Management of colitis): maximum 6 g/day
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 10-20 mg/kg PO once daily. | PO | q24h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 10-20 mg/kg PO q24 hours (once daily) tapered to the lowest effective dose | PO | q24h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 10-20 mg/kg PO q8-12h (maximum of 10 days) | PO | q8-12h | Maximum 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Inflammatory large bowel disease | 10-20 mg/kg PO q8-24h; up to a maximum of 10 days treatment | PO | q8-24h | Maximum 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (Management of colitis) | 10-20 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Inflammatory large bowel disease: Use cautiously in cats because of their sensitivity to salicylates.
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | 10-20 mg/kg PO 2-3 times a day | PO | q8-12h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
| General | 25 mg (total dose) PO twice daily | PO | q12h | Unspecified | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La sulfasalazina es un profármaco de acción local único que combina un antibiótico sulfonamídico (sulfapiridina) y un antiinflamatorio salicilato (mesalamina o 5-ASA) mediante un enlace azo.
- Uso principal: Es una terapia fundamental para la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) idiopática, específicamente la colitis plasmocitario-linfocítica (diarrea de intestino grueso) en perros y gatos. También se ha utilizado como coadyuvante para la vasculitis en perros.
- Limitaciones: No es eficaz para la enfermedad del intestino delgado porque requiere de las bacterias colónicas para su activación.
- Perla clínica: Aunque es altamente eficaz para la colitis, su uso en medicina veterinaria requiere un monitoreo cuidadoso debido al riesgo de queratoconjuntivitis seca (KCS) u "ojo seco" en perros, que puede ser irreversible si no se detecta a tiempo. Los gatos requieren una dosificación cautelosa debido a su sensibilidad inherente a los salicilatos.
Mecanismo de acción
Sulfasalazine acts as a targeted delivery vehicle to transport anti-inflammatory medication directly to the colon.
- Delivery: The intact drug passes mostly unabsorbed (only 10-33% absorbed) through the stomach and small intestine.
- Activation: In the colon, bacterial azoreductase enzymes cleave the diazo bond.
- Mechanism:
- 5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA / Mesalamine) → Acts locally on the colonic mucosa to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways → Decreases production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. It also acts as a local free radical scavenger.
- Sulfapyridine → Provides local antibacterial effects, though it is rapidly absorbed systemically and is responsible for the majority of the drug's adverse effects (e.g., KCS, hepatotoxicity).
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to sulfasalazine, sulfonamides, or salicylates
- Intestinal or urinary obstructions
- Doberman pinschers (highly susceptible to sulfonamide-induced polysystemic immune complex disease)
- Dobermanns (appear to be highly sensitive to adverse effects associated with sulfapyridine)
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or salicylates
Efectos adversos
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Cholestatic jaundice
- Hemolytic anemia
- Leukopenia
- Decreased sperm counts
- Allergic dermatitis
Precauciones
Use with caution in animals with preexisting liver, renal, or hematologic diseases.
Feline Warning: Because cats have a deficient glucuronidation pathway, they are highly sensitive to salicylates. Use extreme caution and strict dosing when using this drug in cats.
Use with caution in nursing patients, as sulfonamides are excreted in milk and may cause kernicterus in newborns.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Hypoglycemic effects could be potentiated
Sulfasalazine may reduce absorption of digoxin
May decrease the blood levels of sulfasalazine if administered concurrently
Oral absorption of folic acid may be inhibited
Potentially sulfasalazine could potentiate warfarin
Measurement of serum folate concentration may be affected
May cause a reduction in serum thyroxine concentrations
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea/colitis signs)
- Schirmer tear tests (STT) prior to therapy and on rechecks (especially in middle-aged to older dogs) to monitor for KCS
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) occasionally with chronic therapy
- Liver function tests occasionally with chronic therapy
- Schirmer tear test (STT) periodically
- Clinical signs of KCS (ocular discharge, blepharospasm)
- Liver enzymes (due to risk of cholestatic jaundice)
- Thyroid panel (if on long-term therapy)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Only about 10-33% of an orally administered dose is absorbed. The unabsorbed drug is cleaved in the colon. The sulfapyridine component is rapidly absorbed from the colon, but only a small percentage of the 5-ASA is absorbed.
Distribución
Sulfonamides are excreted in milk and can cross the placenta.
Metabolismo
Unabsorbed and biliary excreted drug is cleaved into 5-ASA and sulfapyridine in the colon by bacterial flora. Absorbed sulfapyridine and 5-ASA are hepatically metabolized.
Eliminación
Renally excreted. Some of the initially absorbed intact drug is excreted unchanged in the bile.
Sobredosis
Massive overdoses could cause significant salicylate and/or sulfonamide toxicity.
- Treatment: Standard protocols for decontamination (empty stomach, cathartics, etc.) should be considered.
- Supportive Care: Urine alkalinization and forced diuresis may be beneficial in selected cases to enhance elimination.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Delayed-Release Tablets (enteric coated)
- 500 mg tablet
- 250 mg/5 ml oral suspension
Etiquetado para humanos
- Sulfasalazine Tablets: 500 mg (Azulfidine, generic)
- Sulfasalazine Delayed-Release Tablets: 500 mg (enteric coated) (Azulfidine EN-tabs, generic)
- Salazopyrin 500 mg tablet
- Salazopyrin 250 mg/5 ml oral suspension
Estado regulador
Used under the cascade. POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
Used under the prescribing cascade. POM-V.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets (plain or enteric-coated) should be stored at temperatures less than 40°C, preferably at room temperature (15-30°C) in well-closed containers. Oral suspension should be stored at room temperature; avoid freezing.
Información para el cliente
ADVERTENCIA CRÍTICA: Este medicamento puede causar "ojo seco" (Queratoconjuntivitis seca) en perros, lo que puede llevar a ceguera permanente si se ignora.
- Monitoree los ojos de su mascota de cerca. Contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si nota que entrecierra los ojos, enrojecimiento, secreción ocular espesa de color amarillo/verde, o si los ojos parecen opacos y secos.
- Administración: Administrar con comida para reducir el malestar estomacal. Si utiliza tabletas con recubrimiento entérico, no las triture ni las rompa.
- Gatos: Los gatos son altamente sensibles a este medicamento. Siga las instrucciones de dosificación exactas de su veterinario y no exceda la duración prescrita.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a la pérdida de apetito, vómitos o coloración amarillenta de las encías/ojos (ictericia).
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.