Tetraciclina
Tetracycline
Tetracycline hydrochloride
También conocido como: Aquadrops · Panmycin · Sumycin · Polyotic · Delta Albaplex · Tetracycline HCl · tetracyclini hydrochloridum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoSusceptible infections (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (2)
- ■ This medicine is best given without food. Avoid giving this medicine orally within 1 to 2 hours of milk or other dairy products.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, tetracycline oral tablets and capsules should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature (15°C-30°C [59°F-86°F]).
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La tetraciclina es un antibiótico tetraciclínico prototipo de acción corta. Aunque históricamente se utilizó como un antimicrobiano de amplio espectro, el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana ha modificado su papel clínico.
En la medicina veterinaria moderna:
- Práctica de pequeños animales: Generalmente se prefiere la Doxycycline para enfermedades infecciosas debido a su mejor penetración tisular y frecuencia de dosificación. Sin embargo, la tetraciclina se utiliza frecuentemente en combinación con niacinamide por sus efectos inmunomoduladores para tratar afecciones cutáneas mediadas por el sistema inmunitario (p. ej., lupus eritematoso discoide, pénfigo).
- Práctica de grandes animales: Típicamente se prefiere la Oxytetracycline sobre la tetraciclina.
Perlas clínicas:
- Sigue siendo eficaz contra organismos atípicos como Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, espiroquetas (p. ej., enfermedad de Lyme) y Chlamydia.
- Posee importantes propiedades antiinflamatorias e inmunomoduladoras, lo que la hace valiosa en dermatología veterinaria.
Mecanismo de acción
Tetracycline is a time-dependent, bacteriostatic antibiotic.
- Antimicrobial Action: Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → prevents binding of aminoacyl transfer-RNA to the ribosome → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It may also bind to the 50S subunit and alter cytoplasmic membrane permeability.
- Immunomodulatory/Anti-inflammatory Action: Suppresses antibody production and neutrophil chemotaxis. Inhibits key inflammatory mediators including lipases, collagenases, prostaglandin synthesis, and the activation of complement component 3.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
- Pregnancy (last half) - retards fetal skeletal development and discolors teeth
- Young, growing animals (unless benefits outweigh risks)
Efectos adversos
- Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
- Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow/brown/gray)
- Delayed bone growth and healing in young animals
- Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
- Photosensitivity
- Urolith formation (with long-term use in dogs)
- Hepatotoxicity and blood dyscrasias (rare)
- Cats: Colic, fever, hair loss, depression (poorly tolerated)
- Horses: Severe diarrhea (especially if stressed)
- Ruminants: Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (high oral doses)
- Injection site reactions (IM): Local necrosis and yellow staining
Precauciones
Extreme Caution: Pregnancy (Category D). Can cause congenital malformations, embryotoxicity, and discoloration of deciduous teeth.
- Renal/Hepatic Impairment: Use cautiously. Lower dosages and enhanced monitoring are recommended. Avoid concurrent nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs.
- Cats: Do not tolerate oral tetracycline well; monitor closely for adverse effects.
- IV Administration: Rapid IV injection can cause transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to calcium chelation. Administer slowly or pre-treat with IV calcium gluconate if rapid injection is necessary.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Tetracyclines may decrease atovaquone levels.
Theoretical antagonism of bactericidal activity, though clinical significance is doubtful.
May increase bioavailability of digoxin, potentially causing toxicity that persists for months.
Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the absorption of tetracycline. Separate doses by at least 1-2 hours.
Concomitant use can cause fatal nephrotoxicity.
May impair oral absorption of tetracycline; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.
Monitorización
- Adverse effects (GI signs, injection site reactions)
- Clinical efficacy
- Periodic renal, hepatic, and hematologic evaluations (with long-term use or in susceptible patients)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Readily absorbed after oral administration in fasting animals (bioavailability ~60-80%). Food or dairy products can significantly reduce absorption by 50% or more. Erratically and poorly absorbed after IM administration.
Distribución
Widely distributed to heart, kidney, lungs, muscle, pleural fluid, bronchial secretions, bile, saliva, urine, synovial fluid, and aqueous/vitreous humor. Poor penetration into CSF. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk. Volume of distribution is ~1.2-1.3 L/kg in small animals and 1-2.5 L/kg in cattle.
Metabolismo
Apparently not metabolized.
Eliminación
Eliminated unchanged primarily via glomerular filtration. Excreted into the GI tract via biliary and nonbiliary routes (may become inactive after chelation with fecal materials). Patients with impaired renal function can accumulate the drug.
Sobredosis
Tetracyclines are generally well tolerated after acute overdoses.
- Oral Overdose: Most likely associated with GI disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea). Monitor fluids and electrolytes if severe emesis/diarrhea occurs.
- Chronic Overdose: May lead to drug accumulation and nephrotoxicity.
- Ruminants: High oral doses can cause ruminal microflora depression and ruminoreticular stasis.
- IV Overdose/Rapid Injection: Rapid IV injection can induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias, presumably due to chelation with intravascular calcium ions. If rapid IV administration is necessary, pre-treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate is recommended by some clinicians.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Capsules
- Oral Suspension
- Soluble Powder (water additive)
- Injection (rarely used in small animals)
Veterinario
- Tetracycline HCl Soluble Powder (water additive): 25 grams/lb or 324 grams/lb
- Delta Albaplex (Combination product containing tetracycline, novobiocin, and prednisone)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Tetracycline HCl Capsules: 250 mg & 500 mg (Sumycin, generic)
- Tetracycline HCl Oral Suspension: 25 mg/mL (Sumycin Syrup)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store oral tablets and capsules in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature (15-30°C). Store oral suspension and powder for injection at room temperature; avoid freezing the oral suspension.
Información para el cliente
- Administración: Administre este medicamento con el estómago vacío si es posible. Evite administrarlo dentro de 1-2 horas después de comer, o junto con leche/productos lácteos, ya que esto puede disminuir significativamente la absorción del fármaco.
- Malestar gastrointestinal: Si su mascota vomita o muestra signos de náuseas, administrar el medicamento con una pequeña cantidad de alimento que no sea lácteo puede ayudar, aunque esto podría reducir ligeramente la eficacia del fármaco.
- Luz solar: Este medicamento puede hacer que la piel de su mascota sea más sensible a la luz solar (fotosensibilidad). Evite la exposición prolongada al sol.
- Decoloración: Tenga en cuenta que en animales jóvenes en crecimiento, este fármaco puede causar una tinción permanente de color amarillo o marrón en los dientes.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.