Vitamina A
Vitamin A
Retinol, Isotretinoin, Tretinoin
También conocido como: Roaccutane · Isotrexin · Vitamin E suspension · Retinol · Isotretinoin · 13-cis retinoic acid · all-trans retinoic acid · Alpha-tocopherol · Tocopheryl acetate
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia de dosis v13 auditada
Evidencia revisada no calculableEvidencia revisada no calculable (3)
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
[not stated in source table]
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: 1 U/g PO daily × 14 days. Species/Comments: [not stated in source table]. Reference: 52. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 10 in sterile water; applied as one drop from 18-g needle; estimated as 50 U/frog q48h to q7d. Species/Comments: African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets. Reference: 39. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective i
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 9 with sterile water; make fresh weekly; apply 1 drop from a tuberculin syringe with 27-g needle to amphibians under 5 g; 1 drop from tuberculin syringe without needle is about 200 U and useful for 15–30 g BW; >30 g, try 1 drop per 10 g BW; topically q24h × 14 days, then q4–7d. Species/Comments: Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective in some species. Reference: 52; 8. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La vitamina A y sus derivados retinoides (isotretinoína, tretinoína) son vitaminas liposolubles y hormonas esenciales para la visión normal, el crecimiento, la reproducción y el mantenimiento de los tejidos epiteliales. En medicina veterinaria, se utilizan principalmente para tratar la hypovitaminosis A y afecciones dermatológicas específicas como la sebaceous adenitis o la seborrea primaria.
ADVERTENCIA: Los retinoides son altamente teratogénicos. Se debe extremar la precaución tanto por parte del veterinario que prescribe como del propietario de la mascota para evitar la exposición accidental, particularmente en mujeres embarazadas.
Mecanismo de acción
Acts as a nutritional fat-soluble hormone that regulates gene expression.
Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) is the acid form of vitamin A, and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is an isomer of tretinoin.
Clinical Pearl: They bind to intracellular retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) → modifying gene transcription → regulating epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and sebum production.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Pregnant animals
- Breeding animals
- Patients at high risk for thrombosis
- Neonates
Efectos adversos
- Teratogenicity (fetal malformations)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS / dry eye)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to bone calcium loss with prolonged use)
- Skin redness and pigmentation
- Haematological abnormalities
- Nervous system changes
- Bone changes
- Thrombosis
- Anaphylactoid reactions
Precauciones
TERATOGENIC WARNING: Gloves should be worn when applying topical preparations. Pregnant women should avoid handling these medications entirely.
- Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.
- Avoid concurrent use of oral and topical preparations due to cumulative toxicity.
- Do not use formulations of vitamins A, D3, and E authorized for farm animals or horses in small animals, as they are too concentrated and risk severe toxicity.
- Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Oral vitamin A may alter ciclosporin levels; requires close monitoring.
Do not use topical vitamin A preparations simultaneously with other topical drugs.
May enhance vitamin A absorption, utilization, and storage.
Monitorización
- Signs of vitamin A toxicity
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) for KCS
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
- Serum calcium levels
- Serum triglycerides/lipids
- Ciclosporin levels (if used concurrently)
- Ciclosporin blood levels (if used concurrently)
- Coagulation parameters (in patients at risk for thrombosis)
- Liver enzymes (if treating hepatopathy)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Requires bile and dietary fat for optimal intestinal absorption.
Distribución
Widely distributed; stored primarily in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle.
Metabolismo
Metabolized in the liver.
Eliminación
Excreted primarily in feces via bile; a small amount is excreted in urine.
Sobredosis
High doses or prolonged use can lead to severe vitamin A toxicity.
Signs of toxicity include:
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to promotion of calcium loss from bone)
- Severe skin, haematological, and nervous system abnormalities.
Treatment: Discontinue the drug immediately and provide supportive care. Monitor liver enzymes and serum calcium.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injectable: 50,000 IU/ml (retinol)
- Oral capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg (isotretinoin)
- Topical gel: 0.05% (isotretinoin)
- Oral suspension: 20 mg/ml
- Oral suspension: 100 mg/ml
- Injectable preparations (often combined with selenium for large animals)
- Nutraceuticals (often combined with SAMe)
Veterinario
- Vitamin E suspension 20 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Vitamin E suspension 100 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Various nutraceutical combinations (e.g., with SAMe)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Roaccutane (10 mg, 20 mg isotretinoin capsules)
- Isotrex (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Isotrexin (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Various oral capsules and liquid preparations
Estado regulador
Classified as POM-VPS in some regions for specific veterinary formulations.
Classified as POM-VPS.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
Información para el cliente
ADVERTENCIA CRÍTICA: Este medicamento puede causar defectos congénitos graves. Las mujeres embarazadas o que intenten concebir no deben manipular este medicamento ni la piel tratada de la mascota bajo ninguna circunstancia.
- Utilice siempre guantes desechables al aplicar el gel tópico.
- No utilice este medicamento si su mascota está embarazada o destinada a la cría.
- Observe los ojos de su mascota de cerca; este fármaco puede alterar el contenido lipídico de las lágrimas y causar ojo seco severo. Contacte a su veterinario si nota que la mascota entrecierra los ojos, presenta enrojecimiento o secreción ocular espesa.
- Mantenga el medicamento alejado de la luz solar directa.
- No aplique otros medicamentos tópicos en la misma zona a menos que su veterinario se lo indique.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.