Acemannan
Acemannan is a water-soluble, complex carbohydrate polymer derived from **Aloe vera**. It is utilized in veterinary medicine primarily as a non-specific immunostimulant. * **Primary Labeled Use:** Aid in the surgical treatment and clinical management of fibrosarcomas in dogs and cats. * **Off-label/Investigational Uses:** Has been tried for viral infections in cats (FeLV, FIV, FIP) and papillomatosis in dogs. * **Clinical Controversy:** Its systemic use remains controversial due to a lack of robust, controlled clinical studies supporting its efficacy in veterinary medicine. * **Topical Use:** Topical formulations are available and may potentially reduce wound healing time.
Mecanismo: Acemannan functions as a non-specific immune system modulator. * **Cytokine Induction:** Induces increases in key pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, specifically **Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)**, **Interferon**, and **Interleukin-1 (IL-1)**. * **Cellular Response:** → Leads to increased lymphocytic infiltration and accumulation at injection sites, promoting a localized immune response against tumor cells or pathogens. * **Antiviral Activity:** Has demonstrated the ability to suppress HIV replication in tissue cultures, though in vivo antiviral efficacy in veterinary species remains unproven.
Dosificación por especie
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para veterinarios colegiados. Confirme siempre con la ficha técnica vigente y el paciente individual.
Vías de administración
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with demonstrated past severe hypersensitivity reactions to acemannan
Efectos adversos
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Localized necrosis at injection sites
- Hyperactivity
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Salivation (with IV bolus)
- Weakness and collapse (with IV bolus)
- Tachycardia and tachypnea (with IV bolus)
- Prolonged pain or bleeding at intralesional injection sites
- Monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces, liver, lung, and spleen (with IP injection)
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting (with high-dose IP injection)
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (tumor delineation, necrosis, or reduction)
- Adverse effects (especially localized injection site reactions, hypersensitivity, or systemic signs if given IV/IP)
Sobredosis
Acemannan appears to have a wide margin of safety regarding acute toxicity. * **Dogs (IP):** Single IP injections of 50 mg/kg resulted in no significant signs of toxicity. * **Dogs (Oral):** Acemannan fed orally at rates of up to 1.5 g/kg/day for 90 days showed no significant adverse effects.
La referencia de fármacos de VetSheet está destinada a veterinarios colegiados como apoyo a la decisión clínica, no sustituye el juicio profesional ni la ficha técnica vigente del fabricante.