Ceftiofur HCl
Ceftiofur hydrochloride
También conocido como: Excenel RTU · Spectramast DC · Spectramast LC · Naxcel (Sodium salt variant) · Cefenil · U-64279A · ceftiofuri hydrochloridium · Ceftiofurum · Ceftiofur sodium
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible urinary tract infections | 2.2 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis/bacteraemia | 4.4 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible urinary tract infections: Authorized for use in dogs in other countries where the main indication is UTI treatment.
- Sepsis/bacteraemia: Higher (double) dose indicated to treat sepsis/bacteraemia.
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis | 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q24h | 3 days (up to 5 days if needed) | 🌎 NA |
| Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only | 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q48h | Days 1 and 3 | 🌎 NA |
| Acute post-partum metritis | 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q24h | 5 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
| Neonatal salmonellosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Subclinical mastitis at time of dry off | Infuse one syringe (500 mg) | Intramammary | Once | At dry off | 🌎 NA |
| Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle | Infuse one syringe (125 mg) | Intramammary | q24h | 2 days (up to 8 consecutive days for extended therapy) | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Acute post-partum metritis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Subclinical mastitis at time of dry off: Infuse into each affected quarter.
- Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle: Infuse into each affected quarter.
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial respiratory disease | 3 to 5 mg/kg | IM | q24h | 3 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
- Bacterial respiratory disease: 1 mL of sterile suspension per 22 to 37 lb body weight.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El Ceftiofur HCl es un antibiótico cefalosporínico de tercera generación de uso exclusivo veterinario. Se utiliza principalmente en medicina de grandes animales (especialmente porcino y bovino) para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias bacterianas, gabarro (foot rot), metritis aguda y mastitis.
Sus características principales incluyen:
- Actividad de amplio espectro: Efectivo contra una amplia variedad de patógenos Gram-positivos y Gram-negativos, incluyendo Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella y E. coli.
- Metabolito activo: Se convierte rápidamente en desfuroylceftiofur, el cual posee una potencia equivalente al fármaco original.
- Perla clínica: Ciertas formulaciones de ceftiofur (como Excenel RTU) ofrecen un tiempo de retiro en leche de cero días en vacas lecheras en lactación, lo que resulta altamente ventajoso para las operaciones lecheras, aunque los tiempos de retiro para el sacrificio siguen siendo estrictamente aplicables.
Mecanismo de acción
Ceftiofur is a time-dependent, bactericidal antibiotic.
- Mechanism: It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis → leads to weakened cell walls, cell lysis, and bacterial death.
- Metabolism Pathway: Parent ceftiofur is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and desfuroylceftiofur (the primary active metabolite).
- Reservoir Effect: The active metabolite is highly protein-bound, which creates a 'reservoir effect' that maintains active, therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of infection for extended periods.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with a documented history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients hypersensitive to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity
Efectos adversos
- Pain on IM injection (especially in small animals)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, anaphylaxis)
- Gastrointestinal distress / diarrhea
- Granulocytopenia (rare)
- Thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Injection site discoloration
Precauciones
Warning: Hypersensitivity reactions can occur. Cross-reactivity with penicillins is possible.
- Tissue Discoloration: IM or SC injections can cause injection site discoloration, resulting in trim-out of edible tissues at slaughter (persisting up to 11 days in the neck, or >28 days in the rear leg of cattle).
- Withdrawal Times: Strict adherence to slaughter and milk withdrawal times is legally required and varies significantly by specific product and species.
- Renal Impairment: Patients in renal failure may require dosage adjustments due to decreased clearance.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (cupric sulfate method), falsely elevated creatinine (Jaffe reaction), and false-positive direct Coombs' tests.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Potential for additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro studies show synergistic antibacterial activity, but they must NOT be mixed together in the same syringe or fluid line.
Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging serum half-lives.
Synergistic antibacterial effect, but should not be mixed in the same syringe due to chemical incompatibility.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
- Weekly CBC monitoring (if used off-label in small animals)
- Renal function parameters in patients with pre-existing renal impairment
- Injection site reactions
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Rapidly absorbed following intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) administration.
Distribución
Volume of distribution in cattle is approximately 0.3 L/kg. Protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' at the site of infection. In swine, highest tissue concentrations are found in the kidneys, followed by lungs, liver, and muscle.
Metabolismo
Rapidly metabolized to desfuroylceftiofur, the primary active metabolite, which has equivalent potency to the parent compound.
Eliminación
Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Elimination half-life in cattle is approximately 8-12 hours. Elimination kinetics in milk can vary based on milk production volume; cows producing smaller volumes may have prolonged withdrawal times.
Sobredosis
Cephalosporin overdoses are generally well-tolerated and unlikely to cause significant problems other than gastrointestinal distress. However, extreme overdoses could theoretically induce hypersensitivity or hematologic abnormalities.
Important: Use of dosages in excess of those labeled or via unapproved routes may cause violative tissue or milk residues. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate withdrawal times if an overdose occurs in food-producing animals.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injectable sterile suspension (ready-to-use)
- Intramammary infusion syringe (dry cow)
- Intramammary infusion syringe (lactating cow)
Veterinario
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for injection: 50 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Excenel RTU®)
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Dry Cows: 500 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® DC)
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Lactating Cows: 125 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® LC)
Estado regulador
POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals in the UK/EU; use in dogs is off-label (cascade).
POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals; use in dogs is off-label.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store ready-to-use injectable products and intramammary syringes at controlled room temperature 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F). Shake injectable suspensions well before using. Protect from freezing. Protect intramammary syringes from light and store in carton until used.
Información para el cliente
Nota: Este medicamento está prescrito principalmente para ganado (bovino y porcino).
- Administración: Administre exactamente según las indicaciones de su veterinario. Complete el tratamiento completo incluso si el animal parece haberse recuperado, para prevenir la resistencia a los antibióticos.
- Seguridad en animales de abasto: Es legalmente obligatorio cumplir estrictamente con los tiempos de retiro para el sacrificio y la leche para evitar residuos de medicamentos en el suministro de alimentos humanos. Los tiempos de retiro varían según el producto específico utilizado (p. ej., Excenel RTU frente a Spectramast).
- Efectos secundarios: Vigile la aparición de signos de reacciones alérgicas (como urticaria, hinchazón o dificultad para respirar) y diarrea.
- Sitios de inyección: Tenga en cuenta que las inyecciones pueden causar dolor temporal y decoloración del tejido en el sitio de la inyección.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.