Cefuroxima
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil, Cefuroxime sodium
También conocido como: Ceftin · Zinacef · Aprokam · Zinnat · CCI-15641 · cefuroxima · cefuroximum · cefuroksiimi · cefuroksimas · Cefuroxime axetil · Cefuroxime sodium
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soft tissue infections | 10 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic infections | 15 mg/kg IV q8h | IV | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Meningitis | 30 mg/kg IV q8h | IV | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Surgery prophylaxis | 20 mg/kg IV 30 minutes prior to surgery and every 2 hours during surgery. | IV | 30 mins prior and q2h during | Perioperative | 🌎 NA |
| Surgical prophylaxis | 20 mg/kg | IV | 30 min prior to surgery and then repeat q1.5-3h during surgery | Perioperative | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible infections | 10-30 mg/kg | IV | q8-12h | As directed | 🌍 EU |
- Soft tissue infections: Extrapolated from human dosages.
- Systemic infections: Extrapolated from human dosages.
- Meningitis: Extrapolated from human dosages.
- Surgical prophylaxis: Administer slowly over 5 min
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical prophylaxis | 20 mg/kg | IV | 30 min prior to surgery and then repeat q1.5-3h during surgery | Perioperative | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible infections | 10-30 mg/kg | IV | q8-12h | As directed | 🌍 EU |
- Surgical prophylaxis: Administer slowly over 5 min
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La cefuroxima es un antibiótico cefalosporínico de 2.ª generación semisintético disponible en formulaciones tanto orales (axetilo) como parenterales (sódica).
- Espectro de actividad: Ofrece una actividad mejorada contra ciertos patógenos gramnegativos (p. ej., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Enterobacter) en comparación con las cefalosporinas de 1.ª generación como la cefalexina, manteniendo una buena eficacia contra muchos organismos grampositivos.
- Utilidad clínica: Es particularmente útil en medicina de pequeños animales al tratar infecciones resistentes a las cefalosporinas de 1.ª generación, cuando se requiere una cobertura gramnegativa más amplia para la profilaxis quirúrgica, o cuando se requieren altas concentraciones en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) (ya que puede atravesar las meninges inflamadas).
- Limitaciones: No es eficaz contra Staphylococcus resistente a la meticilina (MRSA/MRSP), Pseudomonas, Serratia o Enterococcus.
Mecanismo de acción
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal time-dependent antibiotic.
It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) → weakens the cell wall → leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic pressure.
Clinical Pearl: Like other beta-lactams, its efficacy depends on the amount of time the drug concentration remains above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at the site of infection.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known hypersensitivity to cefuroxime or other cephalosporins
Efectos adversos
- Inappetence
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Injection site inflammation (IV use)
- Eosinophilia
- Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis)
- Neurologic effects (hearing loss, seizures - rare)
- Pseudomembranous colitis (rare)
- Serious dermatologic reactions (TEN, Stevens-Johnson syndrome - rare)
- Hematologic effects (pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia - rare)
- Interstitial nephritis (rare)
Precauciones
Renal Impairment: Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with severe renal impairment, as the drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose determinations when using the copper reduction method (Benedict's, Fehling's, Clinitest). Tests utilizing glucose oxidase are unaffected.
- Coombs' Test: Cephalosporins have caused false-positive direct Coombs' tests in humans, particularly those with azotemia.
- Nursing Mothers: Enters maternal milk in low concentrations; potential for altering gut flora of nursing offspring.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Potential for increased risk of nephrotoxicity; monitor renal function. However, may have synergistic or additive actions against some gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae).
Possible increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Possible increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Reduced renal excretion of cephalosporins, potentially increasing serum levels.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of cefuroxime.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of cefuroxime.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity; monitor renal function.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency
- Gastrointestinal tolerance
Farmacocinética
Absorción
In humans, cefuroxime axetil is well absorbed orally and rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and circulation to the parent compound. Bioavailability is 37% (fasted) to 52% (with food). Peak serum levels occur in 2-3 hours (PO) or 15 min-1 hour (IM).
Distribución
Widely distributed to tissues including bone, aqueous humor, and joint fluid. Therapeutic levels can be attained in the CSF if meninges are inflamed. Human plasma protein binding is 35-50%.
Metabolismo
Cefuroxime axetil is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and systemic circulation to the active parent compound (cefuroxime).
Eliminación
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
Sobredosis
Cefuroxime has a wide margin of safety. Beagles receiving daily dosages up to 1600 mg/kg/day orally tolerated the drug well, with only minor vomiting, slight weight gain suppression, and minor hematologic changes at the highest doses.
In humans, massive overdoses have caused cerebral irritation and seizures. If severe toxicity occurs, plasma levels can be reduced via hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Treatment is largely supportive.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral tablets (film coated)
- Oral suspension
- Powder for injection
- Premixed frozen injection
Etiquetado para humanos
- Cefuroxime Axetil Oral Tablets (film coated): 125 mg, 250 mg, & 500 mg (Ceftin, generic)
- Cefuroxime Axetil Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL & 250 mg/5 mL (generic)
- Cefuroxime Sodium Powder for Injection: 750 mg, 1.5 g & 7.5 g (Zinacef, generic)
- Cefuroxime Sodium Injection: 750 mg & 1.5 g premixed frozen (Zinacef)
Estado regulador
Human authorized products (POM) used off-label in veterinary medicine under the cascade.
Human authorized products (POM) used off-label in veterinary medicine under the cascade.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets: Store in tight containers at room temperature (15-30°C); protect from excessive moisture. Suspension: Unreconstituted powder store at 2-30°C. Once reconstituted, refrigerate (2-8°C) and discard any unused portion after 10 days. Injection: Powder store at room temperature (15-30°C). Reconstituted solution (90 mg/mL) is stable for 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours refrigerated. Diluted in compatible IV solutions (D5W, normal saline, Ringer's), it is stable for 24 hours at room temperature or up to 7 days refrigerated.
Información para el cliente
- Administrar con comida: Administre los comprimidos orales junto con una comida para mejorar la absorción del fármaco y reducir la posibilidad de malestar estomacal.
- No triturar: Evite triturar los comprimidos. Tienen un sabor muy fuerte y amargo que las mascotas rechazarán. Si es estrictamente necesario triturarlos, mezcle el polvo con un producto lácteo de sabor fuerte (como leche o queso apto para mascotas) para enmascarar el sabor y mejorar la absorción.
- Terminar la prescripción: Administre el medicamento exactamente como lo indique su veterinario. Continúe el tratamiento durante todo el tiempo prescrito, incluso si su mascota parece estar completamente recuperada, para evitar que la infección regrese o se vuelva resistente.
- Vigilar efectos secundarios: Comuníquese con su veterinario si su mascota presenta vómitos graves, diarrea persistente, erupciones cutáneas, picazón o hinchazón facial.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.