Clindamicina
Clindamycin
Clindamycin hydrochloride, Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride, Clindamycin phosphate
También conocido como: Antirobe · Cleocin · Clintabs · Clinsol · Clinacin · Clindacyl · Clindaseptin · Mycinor · Zodon · chlorodeoxylincomycin hydrochloride · (7S)-chloro-7-deoxy-lincomycin hydrochloride · clindamycini hydrochloridum · U-28508 · U-25179E · Clindamycine · Clindamicina
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections | 5.5-33 mg/kg | PO | q12h | Up to 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Osteomyelitis | 11-33 mg/kg | PO | q12h | Up to 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Staphylococcal pyoderma | 11 mg/kg | PO | once daily | 7-28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Wounds, abscesses, dental infections, stomatitis | 5-11 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 7-28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Osteomyelitis | 11 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic bacteremia | 3-10 mg/kg | IV, IM, SC, PO | q8h | as long as needed | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 5-11 mg/kg | IM, SC, PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sepsis | 11 mg/kg | IV | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Recurrent superficial pyodermas | 11 mg/kg | PO | once daily to twice a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Actinomycosis | 5 mg/kg | SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible hepatobiliary infections | 10-16 mg/kg SC once daily or 5-10 mg/kg PO q12h | SC, PO | once daily or q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Anaerobic infections | 5-10 mg/kg | PO, IV | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Intra-abdominal sepsis | 5-11 mg/kg | IV, SC, PO | q8-12h | 5-7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatitis | 5-11 mg/kg | IV, SC, PO | q8-12h | 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible respiratory infections | 10 mg/kg | PO, SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage | 5-11 mg/kg | PO | once | 16-60 minutes preoperatively | 🌎 NA |
| Toxoplasmosis | 12.5 mg/kg | PO, IM | q12h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Neospora | 10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoon canis | 10 mg/kg | PO | q8h | 2-4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Babesia spp. | 12.5 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 2 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Babesia infections (if specific antibabesial drugs are not available) | 25 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 7-21 days | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoon americanum infections | 10 mg/kg | PO | q8h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 5.5 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Severe infections | 11 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Toxoplasmosis/neosporosis | 25 mg/kg | PO | daily in divided doses | — | 🌍 EU |
- Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
- Osteomyelitis: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Avoid or reduce dose in patients with severe liver failure
- Recurrent superficial pyodermas: Resistance can develop quickly
- Susceptible hepatobiliary infections: In patients with liver function impairment: 5 mg/kg PO q12h or SC q24h
- Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
- Neospora: Used concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa (15 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks)
- Hepatozoon canis: Use concurrently with pyrimethamine and trimethoprim/sulfa
- Hepatozoon americanum infections: Use concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa and pyrimethamine, follow with decoquinate
- Susceptible infections: Alternatively, 11 mg/kg q24h
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections | 11-33 mg/kg | PO | once a day (q24h) | Maximum 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Sepsis | 11 mg/kg | IV | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Anaerobic infections | 5-10 mg/kg | PO, IV | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Intra-abdominal sepsis | 5-11 mg/kg | IV, SC, PO | q8-12h | 5-7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatitis | 5-11 mg/kg | IV, SC, PO | q8-12h | 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible respiratory infections | 10-15 mg/kg | PO, SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage | 5-11 mg/kg | PO | once | 16-60 minutes preoperatively | 🌎 NA |
| Toxoplasmosis (to decrease zoonotic risk by reducing shedding period) | 25-50 mg/kg | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Clinical toxoplasmosis | 10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | at least 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Enteroepithelial toxoplasmosis | 8-16 mg/kg | PO, SC | q8h | 14-28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic toxoplasmosis | 12.5-25 mg/kg | PO, SC | q12h | 14-28 days | 🌎 NA |
- Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: Do not treat acute infections for more than 3-4 days if no clinical response is seen.
- Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
- Clinical toxoplasmosis: Institute supportive care as needed.
Hurones
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
Aves
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 25 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Mild spore-forming enteric bacterial infections | 50 mg/kg | PO | q12h | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
Reptiles
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections (anaerobes) | 5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Respiratory infections (anaerobes, mycoplasma) | 5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La clindamicina es un antibiótico lincosamida de amplio espectro ampliamente utilizado en medicina veterinaria. Es altamente eficaz contra muchas bacterias anaerobias, cocos aerobios grampositivos (como Staphylococcus y Streptococcus) y ciertos protozoos, incluyendo Toxoplasma, Neospora y Babesia.
Perlas clínicas:
- Excelente penetración tisular: La clindamicina alcanza altas concentraciones en hueso, líquido sinovial, abscesos y glóbulos blancos, lo que la convierte en una opción de primera línea para osteomielitis, infecciones dentales y piodermia profunda.
- Toxoplasmosis: Es un tratamiento primario para la toxoplasmosis clínica en gatos y perros.
- Toxicidad en herbívoros: Está estrictamente contraindicada en fermentadores de intestino posterior (caballos, conejos, roedores) y rumiantes debido al riesgo de enterocolitis clostridial mortal.
- Riesgo de estenosis esofágica: En gatos, administrar cápsulas o tabletas en seco puede causar esofagitis grave y estenosis. Siempre acompañe las dosis sólidas orales con un bolo de agua o comida.
Mecanismo de acción
Clindamycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
- Mechanism: It inhibits peptide bond formation (transpeptidation) → blocks bacterial protein synthesis.
- Effect: It can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the drug concentration at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the organism.
- Resistance: Complete cross-resistance occurs between clindamycin and lincomycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides (like erythromycin) due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Horses
- Rabbits
- Hamsters
- Chinchillas
- Guinea pigs
- Ruminants
- Patients hypersensitive to lincosamides
- Neonatal small animals (generally avoided)
- Known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
Efectos adversos
- Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea)
- Esophageal injuries (esophagitis, strictures) in cats if dry-pilled
- Hypersalivation or lip smacking in cats after oral administration
- Pain at IM injection site
- Mild, clinically insignificant increases in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP)
- Colitis
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Oesophagitis (especially in cats)
- Oesophageal stricture (especially in cats)
Precauciones
Esophageal Injury Warning: Clindamycin has been implicated in causing esophagitis and esophageal strictures in small animals (especially cats). Avoid dry 'pilling'; always administer with food or a water bolus.
- Hepatic/Renal Impairment: Patients with very severe renal and/or hepatic disease should receive the drug with caution. Consider dosage reduction and monitor serum clindamycin levels during high-dose therapy.
- Species Restrictions: Fatal gastrointestinal effects can occur in horses, ruminants, and small herbivores (rabbits, rodents). Do not use in these species.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Clindamycin may reduce cyclosporine levels
In vitro antagonism when used with clindamycin; concomitant use should probably be avoided
Clindamycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and should be used cautiously with other neuromuscular blocking agents
May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect
May antagonize the effects of neostigmine
May antagonize the effects of pyridostigmine
Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites
Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites
Antagonistic antimicrobial effects
May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect
Complete cross-resistance and antagonistic effect
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse effects; particularly severe diarrhea
- Periodic liver and kidney function tests and blood counts if therapy persists for more than 30 days
- Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea)
- Hepatic and renal function in patients with pre-existing impairment
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly absorbed from the gut. In dogs, oral bioavailability is about 73%. Food decreases the rate of absorption, but not the extent. Peak serum levels are attained about 45-60 minutes after oral dosing.
Distribución
Distributes well into most tissues. Therapeutic levels are achieved in bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, heart muscle, abscesses, scar tissue, and white blood cells. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. About 93% bound to plasma proteins. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk.
Metabolismo
Partially metabolized in the liver to both active and inactive metabolites.
Eliminación
Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with severe renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Sobredosis
There is little information available regarding overdoses of this drug.
- In dogs, oral doses of up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year did not result in toxicity.
- Dogs receiving 600 mg/kg/day developed anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral capsules
- Oral tablets
- Oral solution/drops
- Granules for oral solution
- Injection (solution concentrate)
- Suppositories
- Topical and vaginal preparations
- 25 mg capsule/tablet
- 75 mg capsule/tablet
- 88 mg capsule/tablet
- 150 mg capsule/tablet
- 264 mg capsule/tablet
- 300 mg capsule/tablet
- 25 mg/ml oral solution
Veterinario
- Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Antirobe, generics)
- Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg (Clintabs)
- Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Solution: 25 mg/mL (Antirobe Aquadrops, Clinsol, generics)
- Clinacin
- Clindacyl
- Clindaseptin
- Mycinor
- Zodon
Etiquetado para humanos
- Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Cleocin, generics)
- Clindamycin (as palmitate HCl) Granules for Oral Solution: 75 mg/5 mL (Cleocin Pediatric)
- Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Solution Concentrate for Injection: 150 mg/mL (Cleocin Phosphate)
- Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Injection: 300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg in Galaxy containers (Cleocin Phosphate IV)
- Clindamycin Phosphate Suppositories: 100 mg (Cleocin)
Estado regulador
POM-V
POM-V
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Capsules and palmitate powder for oral solution should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). After reconstitution, the human palmitate oral solution should NOT be refrigerated (thickening may occur) and is stable for 2 weeks at room temp. Veterinary oral solution has an extended shelf life at room temp. Phosphate injection should be stored at room temp; if refrigerated, crystals may form but will resolubilize upon warming.
Información para el cliente
Nota importante sobre la administración: Si utiliza tabletas o cápsulas orales, especialmente en gatos, siempre acompañe el medicamento con al menos 6 mL (un poco más de una cucharadita) de líquido o escóndalo en una pequeña bola de comida húmeda. Administrar una pastilla en seco puede causar que el medicamento se pegue en el esófago, provocando úlceras graves y estenosis.
- Vigile los problemas gastrointestinales: Informe a su veterinario inmediatamente si observa cualquier incidencia de diarrea grave, prolongada o con sangre.
- Complete el tratamiento: Administre el medicamento exactamente como se le recetó durante todo el tiempo indicado, incluso si su mascota parece sentirse mejor, para prevenir infecciones resistentes.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.