Clonidina
Clonidine
Clonidine hydrochloride (imidazoline derivative)
También conocido como: Duraclon · Jenloga · Catapres-TTS · ST-155 · clonidini hydrochloridum · Adesipress-TTS · Arkamin · Aruclonin · Atensina · Barclyd · Cantanidin · Caprysin · Catanidin · Catapresan · Catapressan · Clonistada · Clonnirit · Dispaclonidin · Dixarit · Epiclodina · Glausine · Haemiton · Menograine · Mirfat · Normopresan · Paracefan · Tenso-Timelets · Clonidina · Clonidine hydrochloride · Clonidinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia posológica v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoAdjunctive antidiarrheal therapy for refractory cases of inflammatory bowel disease (extra-label)
Requiere verificación veterinaria
- q8-12h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (2)
- ■ This medicine may be given with or without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving this medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with food or a small treat. If vomiting continues, contact your veterinarian.
- Clonidine tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature, 25°C (77°F); excursions from 15°C to 30°C (59°F-86°F) are permitted. The preservative-free injection for epidural use should be stored at controlled room temperature, 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F). Because it contains no preservative, unused portions of the injection should be discarded.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La clonidina es un agonista adrenérgico alfa-2 central utilizado tradicionalmente en medicina veterinaria como agente diagnóstico para la deficiencia de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) o el feocromocitoma en perros. También sirve como tratamiento adyuvante para la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) refractaria, particularmente en gatos, y como adyuvante epidural para el dolor severo o la anestesia quirúrgica.
Perlas clínicas (Enriquecimiento farmacológico):
- Aunque la monografía destaca sus usos diagnósticos y gastrointestinales, la clonidina se utiliza cada vez más fuera de etiqueta (off-label) en la medicina del comportamiento veterinario moderna para controlar la ansiedad basada en el miedo, las fobias a los ruidos y el pánico situacional en perros.
- Proporciona ansiólisis y sedación al disminuir la activación simpática, a menudo sin la ataxia profunda observada con otros sedantes.
- Debido a sus efectos cardiovasculares, requiere una selección cuidadosa del paciente y una titulación precisa de la dosis.
Mecanismo de acción
Clonidine acts centrally at the brain stem, stimulating alpha-2 adrenoreceptors.
- Cardiovascular/Sympathetic: Stimulation of presynaptic alpha-2 receptors (e.g., in the locus coeruleus) → decreases norepinephrine release → reduces sympathetic outflow from the CNS → decreased peripheral resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure.
- Endocrine: Stimulates GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone) → transient release of Growth Hormone (GH).
- Analgesia: Stimulates presynaptic and postjunctional alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord → blocks pain signal transmission to the brain.
- Gastrointestinal: Alpha-2 stimulation alters enteric nervous system tone, increasing fluid absorption and decreasing motility, aiding in refractory IBD.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known hypersensitivity to clonidine
- Severe cardiovascular disease (use with extreme caution)
- Renal disease (use with extreme caution)
Efectos adversos
- Transient hyperglycemia
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Aggressive behavior
- Hypotension
- Collapse
- Bradycardia
- Transient sedation
- Rebound hypertension (if withdrawn abruptly)
Precauciones
Clonidine has a narrow margin of safety. It should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including conduction disturbances or heart failure. Use very cautiously in patients with renal failure. Abrupt withdrawal, especially when used with beta-blockers, may cause rebound hypertension.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Possible additive hypotensive effects
May enhance bradycardia. If discontinuing, beta-blocker should be stopped first, then clonidine tapered to avoid rebound hypertension.
May exacerbate the actions of other CNS depressant drugs
Possible additive bradycardia
May decrease the antihypertensive effects of clonidine
May block the antihypertensive effects of clonidine
Increased central nervous system depression and hypotension
Additive sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression
Additive hypotensive and bradycardic effects; may exacerbate rebound hypertension upon withdrawal
Additive lowering of blood pressure
Monitorización
- Growth Hormone (GH) levels and adverse effects (when used for diagnostics)
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
- Efficacy and adverse effect profile (when used for ongoing diarrhea treatment)
- Degree of sedation
- Behavioral response
- Plasma IGF-1 or GH levels (when used diagnostically)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Well absorbed after oral administration in humans (peak plasma 3-5 hours). After epidural administration, maximal analgesia occurs within 30-60 minutes.
Distribución
Widely distributed into body tissues; tissue concentrations are higher than in plasma. Enters the CSF, but brain concentrations are low compared with other tissues. In cats, exhibits a two-compartment open model and penetrates tissues rapidly.
Metabolismo
Metabolized in the liver; one active metabolite (p-hydroxyclonidine) has been identified.
Eliminación
Up to 60% of a dose is eliminated unchanged in the urine. Elimination may be prolonged with higher dosages (dose-dependent elimination kinetics) or in renal dysfunction.
Sobredosis
Clonidine has a narrow margin of safety.
- Clinical Signs: Hypotension, bradycardia, vomiting, weakness, depression, lethargy, tachycardia, ataxia, and hypertension. Rarely, seizures or respiratory depression.
- Toxicity Values: LD50 for oral clonidine in rats is 465 mg/kg; mice 206 mg/kg.
- Treatment: For large overdoses, gut evacuation using standard protocols (use emetics cautiously as consciousness may deteriorate rapidly). Symptomatic and supportive care. Fluids and pressors (e.g., dopamine) for hypotension. IV atropine for bradycardia. Atipamezole or yohimbine may be used to reverse cardiovascular effects, but multiple doses may be required as signs can last up to 48 hours.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Epidural injection
- Oral tablets
- Oral modified-release tablets
- Transdermal patch
- Injectable: 150 μg/ml solution
- Oral: 25 μg tablets
Etiquetado para humanos
- Clonidine HCl Injection for epidural use: 100 micrograms/mL & 500 micrograms/mL preservative-free (Duraclon)
- Clonidine HCl Oral Tablets: 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg & 0.3 mg (Catapres, generic)
- Clonidine HCl Oral Modified-release Tablets: 0.1 mg (Jenloga)
- Clonidine HCl Transdermal: 0.1 mg/24hrs, 0.2 mg/24hrs, & 0.3 mg/24hrs (Catapres-TTS-1, 2, or 3)
- Catapres 150 μg/ml injectable solution
- Catapres 25 μg oral tablets
Estado regulador
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM-V
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature (15-30°C / 59-86°F). Preservative-free injection for epidural use should be stored at controlled room temperature (25°C); unused portions must be discarded.
Información para el cliente
Propósito: Su veterinario ha recetado clonidina para ayudar a controlar la condición de su mascota, la cual puede incluir diarrea severa, manejo del dolor o uso fuera de etiqueta para ansiedad severa y fobias.
- Dosificación estricta: La clonidina tiene un margen de seguridad estrecho. Administre la dosis exacta prescrita. Nunca administre más de lo indicado.
- Efectos secundarios: Esté atento a signos de letargo profundo, debilidad, encías pálidas o cambios de comportamiento inesperados (como agresividad). Comuníquese con su veterinario si esto ocurre.
- No suspenda abruptamente: No interrumpa repentinamente este medicamento sin consultar a su veterinario, ya que puede causar un aumento peligroso de la presión arterial (hipertensión de rebote).
- Ingestión accidental: Manténgalo fuera del alcance de todas las mascotas y niños. Si ocurre una sobredosis, busque atención veterinaria de emergencia de inmediato.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.