Diclofenac Sodium
Diclofenac sodium is a **non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)**. - **Veterinary Use**: FDA-approved as a topical liposomal cream (Surpass®) for horses to control local joint pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. - **Systemic Use**: While theoretically usable systemically in other species, safer FDA-approved alternatives exist for dogs and cats. > **Important Toxicity Note**: Diclofenac is highly toxic to birds (especially vultures), causing fatal renal failure. It should never be used in avian species.
Mecanismo: Diclofenac is a non-specific inhibitor of **cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)** enzymes. - **Arachidonic Acid Cascade**: Inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid → **prostaglandins** and **thromboxanes**. - **Lipooxygenase**: May also have some inhibitory effects on the lipooxygenase pathway, reducing leukotriene production. - **Result**: Decreased production of inflammatory mediators leads to reduced pain, hyperpyrexia, and inflammation.
Dosificación por especie
- Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal, carpal, metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal (hock, knee, fetlock, pastern) joints · Apply a five inch ribbon · topical · twice daily · up to 10 days · Wear rubber gloves and rub cream thoroughly into the hair covering the joint until cream disappears.
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis · 1 drop per affected eye · topical · bid to qid · As directed by veterinarian · Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
- Ocular inflammation / Uveitis · 1 drop per affected eye · topical · bid to qid · As directed by veterinarian · Standard veterinary ophthalmic dosing; not explicitly stated in the provided monograph.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para veterinarios colegiados. Confirme siempre con la ficha técnica vigente y el paciente individual.
Vías de administración
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to diclofenac or any component of the cream
- Horses less than one year old
- Birds (implicated in causing death in vultures)
Efectos adversos
- Colic (horses)
- Weight loss
- Gastric ulcers
- Diarrhea
- Uterine discharge
- Local inflammation
- Swelling
- Alopecia
- Vomiting (dogs/cats)
- Bloody diarrhea/melena (dogs/cats)
- Polydipsia (dogs/cats)
Interacciones farmacológicas
- Topical Corticosteroids · Increased risk of delayed corneal healing and severe corneal complications (corneal melting) when used concurrently. · major
- Topical Prostaglandin Analogues (e.g., Latanoprost) · NSAIDs may theoretically blunt the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogues. · moderate
Monitorización
- Efficacy (reduction in pain/inflammation)
- Adverse effects (GI signs, local skin reactions)
Sobredosis
As an NSAID, overdosage primarily affects the **gastrointestinal** and **renal** systems. - **Horses (Topical Overdose)**: Weight loss, gastric ulcers, colic, diarrhea, and uterine discharge. - **Dogs/Cats (Ingestion)**: Vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody/melena), and polydipsia. - **Treatment**: - **Decontamination**: Emetics and/or activated charcoal for recent ingestions. - **GI Protection**: Use of gastrointestinal protectants (e.g., sucralfate, omeprazole) is warranted if GI effects are expected. - **Renal Protection**: Fluid diuresis is warranted if renal effects are anticipated. - **Supportive Care**: Symptomatic treatment as needed.
La referencia de fármacos de VetSheet está destinada a veterinarios colegiados como apoyo a la decisión clínica, no sustituye el juicio profesional ni la ficha técnica vigente del fabricante.