Cloruro de edrofonio
Edrophonium Chloride
Edrophonium chloride
También conocido como: Tensilon · Anticude · Camsilon · Reversol · Enlon-Plus · edrophonii chloridum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 1-10 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Presumptive positive test results in transient improvement in clinical weakness.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Have atropine and endotracheal tube readily available in case of overdose.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.25 to 0.5 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El cloruro de edrofonio es un agente anticolinesterásico parenteral de acción corta utilizado principalmente en medicina veterinaria para el diagnóstico presuntivo de miastenia gravis (MG) mediante la 'prueba de Tensilon'.
Aunque también puede utilizarse para revertir agentes bloqueantes neuromusculares no despolarizantes o tratar taquicardias supraventriculares (TSV) específicas, su duración de acción extremadamente corta hace que alternativas de acción más prolongada (como la neostigmina o la piridostigmina) sean más prácticas para estas indicaciones secundarias.
Perla clínica: La 'prueba de Tensilon' presenta un porcentaje considerable de falsos positivos y falsos negativos. Se utiliza mejor como una herramienta de diagnóstico presuntivo rápido mientras se esperan los resultados de ensayos más específicos y sensibles, como la prueba de anticuerpos contra el receptor de acetilcolina (AChR).
Mecanismo de acción
Edrophonium acts as a rapid, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Mechanism of Action: Edrophonium briefly attaches to acetylcholinesterase → inhibits its hydrolytic activity → acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic cleft → prolonged and increased stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
In patients with myasthenia gravis, the sudden surge of acetylcholine temporarily overcomes the autoimmune blockade/destruction of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to a rapid (but transient) return of muscle strength. Systemically, acetylcholine accumulation also causes parasympathomimetic effects including miosis, increased intestinal muscle tone, bronchoconstriction, salivation, and bradycardia.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Bronchial asthma
- Mechanical urinary tract obstruction
- Mechanical intestinal tract obstruction
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug
Efectos adversos
- Urination
- Lacrimation
- Vomiting
- Defecation
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Salivation
Precauciones
Use with extreme caution in patients with bradycardias or atrioventricular block. Adequate monitoring and treatment must be available. Always have IV atropine and an endotracheal tube readily available before administering edrophonium. Safety during pregnancy is not established (FDA Category C); use only when clearly necessary.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Antagonizes the muscarinic effects of edrophonium. Concurrent use should be done cautiously as atropine can mask the early clinical signs of a cholinergic crisis.
Theoretically may have additive cholinergic effects when used with edrophonium.
Edrophonium's cardiac effects may be increased; excessive slowing of heart rate (bradycardia) may occur.
Edrophonium may prolong the Phase I block of these agents.
Edrophonium antagonizes the neuromuscular blocking actions of these agents.
Monitorización
- Cholinergic adverse effects (heart rate, respiratory rate/effort, salivation)
- Improvement of paresis (for 1-15 minutes) for presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Only effective when given parenterally. After IV administration, effects on skeletal muscle begin within one minute.
Distribución
Not well described in veterinary literature.
Metabolismo
Exact metabolic fate has not been well described.
Eliminación
Excretion characteristics are not well described. Clinical effects generally persist for up to 10 minutes, though myasthenic patients may experience longer-lasting effects after the first dose.
Sobredosis
Overdosage of edrophonium may induce a cholinergic crisis.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity (SLUDGE syndrome and beyond):
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation
- Respiratory: Increased bronchial secretions, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, respiratory paralysis
- Ophthalmic: Miosis, blurred vision, lacrimation
- Cardiovascular: Bradycardia or tachycardia, cardiospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- Musculoskeletal: Muscle cramps, profound weakness, sweating (in animals with sweat glands)
Treatment: Consists of immediate respiratory and cardiac supportive therapy. Administer atropine IV to counteract severe muscarinic effects.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection
Etiquetado para humanos
- Edrophonium Chloride Solution for Injection: 10 mg/mL in 10 mL & 15 mL vials (Enlon, Reversol)
- Edrophonium Chloride/Atropine Sulfate for Injection: 10 mg/mL with 0.14 mg/mL atropine sulfate in 5 mL single-dose amps & 15 mL multi-dose vials (Enlon-Plus)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store injection at room temperature. Physically compatible at Y-site injections with heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, potassium chloride, and vitamin B complex with C. Compatibility depends on pH, concentration, and temperature.
Información para el cliente
- Solo en entorno clínico: El edrofonio es un fármaco de diagnóstico especializado que solo se administra en un entorno hospitalario veterinario controlado.
- Propósito: Se utiliza principalmente como una prueba rápida y temporal para ayudar a diagnosticar la miastenia gravis, una afección que causa debilidad muscular grave.
- Qué esperar: Su veterinario supervisará de cerca a su mascota durante la prueba. Pueden ocurrir efectos secundarios breves como babeo, vómitos, micción o cambios en la frecuencia cardíaca, pero el equipo veterinario está preparado para tratarlos de inmediato si aparecen.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.