Gabapentina
Gabapentin
1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
También conocido como: Neurontin · Aclonium · Equipax · Gantin · Gabarone · Neurostil · Progresse · CI-945 · GOE-3450 · Gabapentinum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 10-20 mg/kg | PO | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 10-30 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 25-60 mg/kg/day divided q6-8h | PO | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 10 mg/kg | PO | q8h | 3 months | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 10-30 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic or cancer pain | 3 mg/kg | PO | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 1.25-10 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | 2-3 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 2.5-10 mg/kg (up to 15 mg/kg) | PO | 1-3 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive seizure therapy / Chronic pain | 10-20 mg/kg | PO | q6-8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures: Author notes gabapentin is the least effective of the newer antiepileptic drugs, particularly in dogs.
- Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures: Author initially uses 10 mg/kg PO q8h.
- Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures: For uncontrolled seizures when phenobarbital and potassium bromide levels were therapeutic, or sub-therapeutic but had unacceptable side effects.
- Analgesic: Most VIN consultants recommend this dose.
- Adjunctive seizure therapy / Chronic pain: starting dose; incremental dose increases are recommended
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 5 mg/kg | PO | three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ancillary therapy of refractory seizures | 10-30 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 1.25-10 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic or cancer pain | 3 mg/kg | PO | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive analgesia associated with neuropathic pain | 2.5-5 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | 2-3 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Analgesic | 50 mg (total dose) per cat | PO | 1-3 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive seizure therapy / Chronic pain | 5-10 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Adjunctive analgesia associated with neuropathic pain: Author starts at 5 mg/kg and increases (up to 10 mg/kg) if no effect seen in two hours. Wean off slowly. Reduce in renal insufficiency.
- Analgesic: Most VIN consultants recommend this dose.
- Adjunctive seizure therapy / Chronic pain: starting dose; incremental dose increases are recommended
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La gabapentina es un análogo estructural del ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) ampliamente utilizado en medicina veterinaria principalmente por sus propiedades analgésicas neuropáticas y anticonvulsivas.
- Analgesia: Altamente eficaz para el dolor crónico, desadaptativo y neuropático (p. ej., osteoartritis, enfermedad del disco intervertebral, dolor oncológico). A menudo se utiliza como parte de un protocolo analgésico multimodal.
- Manejo de convulsiones: Se utiliza como fármaco antiepiléptico (AED) adyuvante para convulsiones refractarias o parciales complejas, aunque su eficacia como agente único es limitada.
- Comportamiento/Ansiolítico: Se utiliza cada vez más fuera de etiqueta (off-label) en gatos y perros para reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y el estrés (FAS) antes de las visitas veterinarias o eventos estresantes.
Mecanismo de acción
Despite its name, gabapentin does not bind to GABA receptors, nor does it affect GABA synthesis or uptake.
- Binds selectively to the α2-δ (alpha-2-delta) subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) in the central nervous system.
- Inhibition of Calcium Influx → Decreased presynaptic calcium currents.
- Reduced Neurotransmitter Release → Suppresses the release of excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate, substance P, and norepinephrine in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
- This dampens neuronal excitability, effectively preventing allodynia (pain from non-noxious stimuli) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated pain response).
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to gabapentin
- Use of xylitol-containing human oral solutions in dogs
- Oral solutions containing xylitol (highly toxic to dogs)
Efectos adversos
- Ataxia
- Dizziness (humans)
- Somnolence
- Peripheral edema (humans)
- Withdrawal-precipitated seizures (if abruptly discontinued)
- Increased rate of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (noted in male rats)
- Mild sedation
- False-positive urinary protein tests (reported in humans)
- Hepatic toxicity (rare, reported in humans)
Precauciones
WARNING: Commercially available human oral solutions (e.g., Neurontin) often contain xylitol (up to 300 mg/mL), which is highly toxic to dogs, causing severe hypoglycemia and hepatotoxicity. Avoid use in dogs.
- Renal Insufficiency: Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Use with caution and consider dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment. Dogs partially metabolize the drug (30-40%), so mild to moderate renal dysfunction may not require adjustment.
- Withdrawal: Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal-precipitated seizures. Taper the dose gradually when discontinuing, especially in epileptic patients.
- Laboratory Alterations: May cause false-positive urinary protein readings on Ames N-Multistix SG dipstick tests. Use a sulfosalicylic acid precipitation test instead.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Oral antacids given concurrently may decrease oral bioavailability of gabapentin by 20%; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Co-administration may increase gabapentin AUC and efficacy/adverse effects. Gabapentin may reduce hydrocodone AUC, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
May increase gabapentin levels.
Reduced absorption of gabapentin from the GI tract. Administer gabapentin at least 2 hours after antacids.
Reduced renal clearance of gabapentin (not considered clinically important).
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in pain scores or seizure frequency)
- Adverse effects (sedation, ataxia)
- Renal function (in patients with pre-existing disease)
- Clinical response (pain scores, seizure frequency)
- Renal and hepatic function in compromised patients
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Dogs: Oral bioavailability ~80% at 50 mg/kg. Peak plasma levels at 2 hours. Cats: Bioavailability ~90% (high interpatient variation 50-120%). Peak levels at 100 minutes. Horses: Rapidly absorbed, peak levels within 2 hours.
Distribución
Cats: Volume of distribution is relatively low (Vdss 0.65 L/kg). Humans: Minimally bound to plasma proteins; CSF levels are ~20% of plasma levels.
Metabolismo
Dogs: Partially metabolized (30-40%) to N-methyl-gabapentin. Humans: Not significantly metabolized.
Eliminación
Primarily via renal routes (excreted unchanged in urine in humans). Cats: Clearance ~3 mL/min/kg.
Sobredosis
In humans, massive overdoses (up to 49 grams) have been reported without fatality.
- Clinical Signs: Ataxia, lethargy, somnolence, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Xylitol Toxicity Risk: The human oral solution contains 300 mg/mL of xylitol. Doses as low as 0.33 mL/kg of this solution can cause severe hypoglycemia or hepatotoxicity in dogs.
- Treatment: Primarily supportive. General decontamination (emesis, activated charcoal, cathartics) if caught early. The drug can be removed via hemodialysis. If xylitol toxicity is suspected secondary to the human liquid formulation, aggressive treatment for hypoglycemia and liver protection is required; contact an animal poison control center.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Capsules
- Tablets
- Compounded Oral Suspension
- 100 mg capsule
- 300 mg capsule
- 400 mg capsule
- 600 mg film-coated tablet
- 800 mg film-coated tablet
- 50 mg/ml oral solution
Etiquetado para humanos
- Gabapentin Oral Capsules & Tablets: 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg (Neurontin, generic)
- Gabapentin Oral Solution: 250 mg/5mL (50 mg/mL) (Neurontin) - Contains xylitol! Use with caution in dogs.
- Neurontin 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg capsules
- Neurontin 600 mg, 800 mg film-coated tablets
- Neurontin 50 mg/ml oral solution
Estado regulador
POM CD Schedule 3
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Capsules and tablets: Store at room temperature (25°C / 77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C. Oral liquid: Store in the refrigerator at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Compounded suspensions are most stable at pH 5.5-6.5.
Información para el cliente
¿Qué es la gabapentina? La gabapentina es un medicamento utilizado para tratar el dolor nervioso crónico y, con menos frecuencia, para ayudar a controlar las convulsiones. También se usa frecuentemente para reducir el miedo y la ansiedad antes de eventos estresantes como las visitas al veterinario.
Cómo administrar este medicamento
- Puede administrarse con o sin alimentos.
- Nunca administre la forma líquida para humanos (Neurontin) a su perro a menos que haya sido preparada específicamente por una farmacia veterinaria, ya que contiene xilitol, un edulcorante artificial que es altamente tóxico y potencialmente mortal para los perros.
Qué observar
- Los efectos secundarios más comunes son somnolencia (sedación) e inestabilidad (ataxia). Estos efectos suelen ser leves y a menudo mejoran a medida que su mascota se acostumbra al medicamento.
- Comuníquese con su veterinario si su mascota parece excesivamente somnolienta o descoordinada.
Notas importantes
- Si su mascota toma gabapentina para las convulsiones, no suspenda el medicamento abruptamente, ya que esto puede provocar convulsiones graves por abstinencia. Consulte siempre a su veterinario antes de cambiar la dosis.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.