Glicopirrolato
Glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrronium bromide
También conocido como: Robinul-V · Robinul Forte · glycopyrronium bromide · AHR-504 · Acpan · AmTech · Gastrodyn · Glycostigmin
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia posológica v13 auditada
Evidencia revisada no calculableEvidencia revisada no calculable (1)
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
Premedication (extra-label)
Premedication (extra-label): 0.01 – 0.02 mg/kg IM, SC, or IV
Contexto clínico obligatorio (1)
- Glycopyrrolate tablets should be stored in tight containers and both the injection and tablets should be stored at room temperature (15°C -30°C [59°F-86°F]).
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El glicopirrolato es un agente antimuscarínico de amonio cuaternario sintético utilizado principalmente como anticolinérgico preanestésico, para tratar bradiarritmias y para reducir la hipersialorrea (salivación excesiva).
A diferencia de la atropina, su estructura cuaternaria impide que atraviese la barrera hematoencefálica de manera significativa, lo que resulta en menos efectos secundarios en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). También posee una mayor duración de acción para el control de las secreciones salivales en comparación con la atropina.
Perla clínica: El glicopirrolato suele preferirse sobre la atropina para uso preanestésico cuando se desea una reducción prolongada de las secreciones salivales y respiratorias sin el riesgo de estimulación o depresión del SNC.
Mecanismo de acción
Glycopyrrolate acts as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at postganglionic muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3).
Acetylcholine → Blocked at Muscarinic Receptors → Decreased parasympathetic tone.
This blockade leads to:
- Heart: Vagolytic effect → Increased heart rate (tachycardia).
- Secretions: Antisialagogue effect → Profound reduction in salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions.
- GI/Urinary: Decreased smooth muscle motility and tone.
- Eye: Mydriasis (pupil dilation) and cycloplegia.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Narrow angle glaucoma
- Tachycardias
- Gastrointestinal ileus
- Urinary obstruction
- Hypersensitivity to the drug
- Pregnancy (per some manufacturer labels)
Efectos adversos
- Dry secretions (xerostomia)
- Initial bradycardia followed by tachycardia
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility (risk of ileus)
- Decreased urinary tract motility
- Mydriasis and cycloplegia
Precauciones
Use with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected GI infections, as decreased GI motility can prolong retention of toxins or causative agents. Use with extreme caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux. Can produce sinus tachycardia and predispose hypotensive patients to cardiac arrhythmias (including ventricular fibrillation).
Interacciones farmacológicas
May enhance the activity or toxicity of glycopyrrolate.
May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
May aggravate signs seen with amitraz toxicity, leading to hypertension and further inhibition of peristalsis.
May decrease PO absorption; give oral glycopyrrolate at least 1 hour prior to oral antacids.
May increase intraocular pressure when used concurrently.
May increase serum digoxin levels; use regular digoxin tablets or oral liquid.
Increased gastric pH may decrease GI absorption; administer 2 hours after ketoconazole.
Glycopyrrolate may antagonize the prokinetic actions of metoclopramide.
Monitorización
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Respiratory rate and effort
- Gastrointestinal motility (auscultation for bowel sounds)
- Salivary and respiratory secretions
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Not completely absorbed after oral administration. In dogs, IV onset of action is generally within 1 minute. After IM or SC administration, peak effects occur approximately 30-45 minutes post-injection.
Distribución
Completely ionized quaternary ammonium compound; poor lipid solubility. Does not readily penetrate into the CNS or eye. Crosses the placenta only marginally.
Metabolismo
Only a small amount is metabolized.
Eliminación
Eliminated rapidly from the serum after IV administration (virtually no drug remains 30 minutes to 3 hours after dosing). Majority is eliminated unchanged in the feces and urine.
Sobredosis
In dogs, the LD50 is reported to be 25 mg/kg IV. In cats, the LD50 after IM injection is 283 mg/kg. Because of its quaternary structure, minimal CNS effects would be expected after an overdose compared to atropine. Overdose may present with severe anticholinergic signs (extreme tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mucous membranes, ileus). Treatment is generally supportive.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection
- Tablets
Veterinario
- Glycopyrrolate for Injection: 0.2 mg/mL in 20 mL vials; Robinul-V (Pfizer), generic
Etiquetado para humanos
- Glycopyrrolate Tablets: 1 mg & 2 mg; Robinul & Robinul Forte (Horizon); generic
- Glycopyrrolate Injection: 0.2 mg/mL in 1 mL, 2 mL, 5 mL, & 20 mL vials; Robinul (Robins); generic
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Tablets should be stored in tight containers. Both injection and tablets should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). Stable under ordinary conditions of light and temperature. Most stable in solution at an acidic pH; undergoes ester hydrolysis at pH above 6.
Información para el cliente
- La administración parenteral debe ser realizada por personal profesional en un entorno clínico donde se disponga de un monitoreo cardíaco adecuado.
- Si su mascota está recibiendo tabletas de glicopirrolato en casa, permita el libre acceso al agua y fomente su consumo, ya que la boca seca es un efecto secundario común.
- Vigile la aparición de signos de estreñimiento o dificultad para orinar, y contacte a su veterinario si estos ocurren.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.