Imidocarb
Imidocarb dipropionate
También conocido como: Imizol · Imidocarb dipropionate · Imidocarb hydrochloride · 4A65 · Imidocarbum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat dose in 2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Babesiosis | 5-6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat in 14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases) | 5 mg/kg | SC | single injection or two injections 15 days apart | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoonosis (H. canis) | 5 mg/kg | IM or SC | every 14 days | until parasitemia clears | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of Babesia canis infection | 6.6 mg/kg | IM/SC | once, repeated in 2-3 weeks | 2 doses total | 🌍 EU |
- Babesiosis: Alternatively, 7.5 mg/kg IM or SC once. A single dose of 6 mg/kg the day following a dose of diminazene at 3.5 mg/kg has also been shown to clear the infection.
- Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases): Given with doxycycline at 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Note: Imidocarb alone is not effective in clearing E. canis.
- Hepatozoonosis (H. canis): Usually 1-2 injections are sufficient.
- Treatment of Babesia canis infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate (121.15 mg/ml). Premedication with atropine (0.05 mg/kg) to minimize side effects is highly recommended.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytauxzoon felis | 3-4 mg/kg | IM | repeated 7 days after initial dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Cytauxzoon felis | 5 mg/kg | IM | once and then 14 days later | — | 🌎 NA |
| Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum) | 5 mg/kg | IM, SC | every 14 days | until able to maintain a normal PCV | 🌎 NA |
| Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | every 14 days | for at least 2-4 treatments | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of large babesial species infection | 2.5 mg/kg | IM | once | 1 dose | 🌍 EU |
- Cytauxzoon felis: Efficacy not proven. Cholinergic effects can be mitigated by pre-treating with atropine. Must also give supportive therapy (IV fluids, prophylactic heparin, nutritional/nursing care, analgesia, and potentially transfusion).
- Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum): Alternative for cats intolerant of doxycycline.
- Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis: Alternative to doxycycline.
- Treatment of large babesial species infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate. Can improve clinical signs. Alternative agents are preferable for smaller species (e.g., B. felis).
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi) | 2.2 mg/kg | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi) | 2 mg/kg | IM | once a day | for 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) | 4 mg/kg | IM | at 72 hour intervals | for 4 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi): Will generally allow clinical signs to subside.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi): To eliminate B. caballi.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): B. equi is more difficult to eliminate.
Ovejas
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 1.2 mg/kg | IM | repeat in 10-14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
Imidocarb dipropionate es un agente antiprotozoario de la familia de las diamidinas utilizado principalmente en medicina veterinaria para tratar infecciones por protozoos transmitidas por garrapatas.
Aplicaciones clínicas clave:
- Babesiosis: Altamente eficaz contra Babesia canis en perros, así como contra especies de Babesia en caballos y ovejas.
- Citauxzoonosis: Utilizado en gatos para infecciones por Cytauxzoon felis, a menudo como parte de un protocolo de tratamiento integral.
- Otros usos: A veces se utiliza como tratamiento alternativo o coadyuvante para Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis y micoplasmas hemotrópicos felinos (p. ej., Mycoplasma haemofelis).
Perla clínica: Aunque es altamente eficaz para B. canis, generalmente es menos eficaz contra B. gibsoni. No elimina la etapa enquistada de Hepatozoon americanum.
Mecanismo de acción
Imidocarb acts by directly targeting the nucleic acids of susceptible protozoal organisms.
- It binds to and intercalates with DNA → causing the double helix to unwind and denature.
- This structural damage → inhibits cellular repair and replication → leading to parasite death.
- Mechanistic Note: As a diamidine derivative, it may also interfere with polyamine synthesis and function, further disrupting the parasite's metabolic pathways.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Patients exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs
- Patients exposed to pesticides or certain chemicals
Efectos adversos
- Pain and inflammation at the injection site (rarely ulceration)
- Salivation (drooling)
- Nasal drip/discharge
- Vomiting (usually brief)
- Panting
- Diarrhea
- Restlessness
- Lacrimation and sweating (horses)
- Severe renal tubular or hepatic necrosis (rare)
- Injection site inflammation (mild to severe, potential ulceration)
- Anaphylactoid reactions (reported in cattle)
Precauciones
Important Warnings
- Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).
- Premedication: In cats, puppies, and debilitated dogs, pretreatment with an antimuscarinic agent (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) is strongly advised to mitigate cholinergic side effects.
- Organ Dysfunction: Use with caution in patients with impaired lung, hepatic, or renal function; weigh risks versus benefits.
- Species Sensitivities: Donkeys appear to be particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of imidocarb.
- Reproductive Safety: Safety in puppies, pregnant, lactating, or breeding animals has not been established.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity; concurrent use is contraindicated.
May exacerbate cholinergic adverse effects and toxicity.
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasitemia and clinical signs)
- Adverse effect profile (cholinergic signs, injection site reactions)
- Creatine kinase (CK) levels (may be significantly increased post-IM injection)
- Liver and kidney function (especially in cases of suspected overdose or pre-existing disease)
- Resolution of clinical signs of babesiosis (fever, anemia, lethargy)
- Blood smears or PCR to confirm parasite clearance
- Injection site for signs of inflammation, necrosis, or ulceration
- Immediate post-injection monitoring for cholinergic crisis
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
No specific information available in the monograph.
Distribución
No specific information available in the monograph.
Metabolismo
No specific information available in the monograph.
Eliminación
No specific information available in the monograph.
Sobredosis
Acute Toxicity & Overdose Signs:
- Dogs: At 1.5X the labeled dose (9.9 mg/kg), dogs exhibited signs of liver injury (mildly elevated liver enzymes), pain/swelling at the injection site, and vomiting.
- General Overdose/Chronic Toxicity: Presents primarily with severe cholinergic signs (vomiting, weakness, lethargy, excessive salivation) or adverse changes in liver, kidney, lung, or intestinal function.
- Horses: The reported LD-50 is 16 mg/kg.
Treatment:
- Atropine or other antimuscarinics may be highly useful to treat the cholinergic signs associated with imidocarb toxicity.
- Provide symptomatic and supportive care for organ dysfunction.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection (120 mg/mL)
- Injectable solution: 85 mg/ml imidocarb base (equivalent to 121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
Veterinario
- Imidocarb Dipropinate for IM or SC Injection: 120 mg/mL in 10 mL multi-dose vials (Imizol®)
- Imizol 85 mg/ml solution for injection (121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
Estado regulador
Tiempos de retirada: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
Tiempos de retirada: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store between 2°-25°C (36°-77°F) and protect from light.
Información para el cliente
Importante: Este medicamento es administrado exclusivamente por su veterinario mediante inyección.
- Propósito: El Imidocarb se utiliza para tratar infecciones graves de parásitos sanguíneos transmitidas por garrapatas, como Babesia o Cytauxzoon.
- Qué esperar: La inyección puede ser bastante dolorosa. Poco después de recibir el medicamento, su mascota puede experimentar salivación, secreción nasal, jadeo o episodios breves de vómitos. Estas son reacciones conocidas y comunes que generalmente desaparecen rápidamente.
- Precauciones: Por favor, informe a su veterinario de inmediato si su mascota ha estado expuesta recientemente a baños antipulgas/garrapatas, pesticidas o si está tomando otros medicamentos (especialmente aquellos que afectan el sistema nervioso), ya que estos pueden aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios graves.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.