Isoflurano
Isoflurane
1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
También conocido como: Isoflo · Iso-Thesia · Forane · Isosol · Terrell · Isoba · Isocare · Isofane · Isoflurane Vet · Vetflurane · compound 469 · isofluranum · AErrane · Forene · Forenium · Forthane · Isoforine · Isothane · Lisorane · Sofloran · Tensocold · Zuflax
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia posológica v13 auditada
Evidencia revisada no calculableEvidencia revisada no calculable (3)
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 5% via chamber in 5 L/min O2129. Species/Comments: Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49.
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3% in 100% O2 and 21% O2248. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2.
Solo evidencia; no apta para cálculo automático
Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc.
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3%–5% induction,147 1%–3% maintenance37. Species/Comments: Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc..
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El isoflurano es un anestésico general inhalatorio ampliamente utilizado en medicina veterinaria.
Las características clínicas clave incluyen:
- Seguridad cardiovascular: Produce menos depresión miocárdica y sensibilización a las catecolaminas en comparación con agentes más antiguos como el halotano.
- Seguridad orgánica: Presenta un metabolismo hepático mínimo (solo ~0.17%), lo que lo convierte en una opción segura para pacientes con enfermedad hepática o renal preexistente.
- Perla clínica: Aunque agentes más nuevos como el sevoflurano ofrecen cambios más rápidos en la profundidad anestésica e inducciones con mascarilla más suaves, el isoflurano sigue siendo un pilar altamente fiable y rentable en la anestesia veterinaria.
Mecanismo de acción
The exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains partially understood, but they are believed to act on the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes and interact with various ligand-gated ion channels (e.g., GABA_A receptors) in the brain and spinal cord.
Key physiological effects:
- CNS: Reversible depression, altered temperature regulation, increased cerebral blood flow.
- Cardiovascular: Dose-dependent hypotension (primarily via vasodilation rather than direct myocardial depression).
- Respiratory: Dose-dependent respiratory depression.
MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) values: Dog = 1.5%; Cat = 1.2%; Horse = 1.31%.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- History or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
- Known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Efectos adversos
- Dose-related hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
- Ileus
- Minimal cardiodepression
- Rare arrhythmias
- Dose-dependent hypotension (due to vasodilation, particularly in skeletal muscle)
- Dose-dependent respiratory depression
- Arrhythmias (less arrhythmogenic than halothane, but possible under certain conditions)
- Hypothermia
Precauciones
Use with caution in patients with increased CSF pressure, head injury, or myasthenia gravis. Because of respiratory depressant effects, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) may be required, particularly in horses, which increases overdose risks. Isoflurane is irritating to the respiratory system and is not recommended for mask induction. May be fetotoxic; use cautiously during pregnancy.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur
Concomitant use may increase risks for profound hypotension
Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur
Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur
May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias) and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients
May result in arrhythmias, though isoflurane sensitizes the myocardium less than halothane. Use with caution and intensive monitoring.
Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).
Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).
Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia.
Monitorización
- Respiratory and ventilatory status
- Cardiac rate and rhythm
- Blood pressure (particularly in 'at risk' patients)
- Level of anesthesia
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography/ETCO2 recommended)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Blood pressure (Doppler or oscillometric)
- Oxygen saturation (Pulse oximetry/SpO2)
- Body temperature
- Anaesthetic depth (eye position, palpebral reflex, jaw tone)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly absorbed from the alveoli.
Distribución
Rapidly distributed into the CNS and crosses the placenta.
Metabolismo
Only about 0.17% is metabolized in the liver; very small amounts of inorganic fluoride are formed.
Eliminación
The vast majority of the drug is eliminated unchanged via the lungs.
Sobredosis
Overdose risks are increased with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Profound hypotension may occur, which usually responds to IV fluids but may require the use of vasopressors.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Liquid for inhalation
- Inhalational liquid: 250 ml bottle
Veterinario
- Isoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic: 99.9%/mL in 100 mL and 250 mL bottles (Isoflo, Isosol, Iso-Thesia, generic)
- Isoba 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
- Isocare 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
- Isofane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
- IsoFlo 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
- Isoflurane Vet 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
- Vetflurane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
Etiquetado para humanos
- Isoflurane Liquid for inhalation in 100 mL & 250 mL (Forane, Terrell, generic)
- Isoflurane 100% inhalation vapour, liquid
Estado regulador
Tiempos de retirada: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days
POM-V classification.
Tiempos de retirada: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days
POM-V classification.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store at room temperature in a tight, light-resistant container. It is relatively unaffected by exposure to light. Isoflurane does not attack aluminum, brass, tin, iron, or copper.
Información para el cliente
El isoflurano es un gas anestésico administrado por profesionales veterinarios en un entorno clínico.
- Cuidados post-anestésicos: Su mascota puede estar aturdida, descoordinada o presentar una tos leve (debido al tubo endotraqueal) durante 12-24 horas después del procedimiento.
- Alimentación: Ofrezca pequeñas cantidades de agua y comida inicialmente para prevenir náuseas, a menos que su veterinario indique lo contrario.
- Monitoreo: Mantenga a su mascota en un ambiente tranquilo, seguro y cálido mientras se recupera por completo.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.