Ketoprofeno
Ketoprofen
2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propanoic acid
También conocido como: Ketofen · Anafen · Comforion Vet · ketoprofenum · RP-19583 · Ketoprofeno
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia posológica v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoAnti-inflammatory/analgesic (extra-label)
Requiere verificación veterinaria
- q12-24h
NA
Contexto clínico obligatorio (1)
- Ketoprofen injection should be stored below 25°C (77°F), with brief excursions permitted between 0°C and 40°C (32°F-104°F) and used within 4 months of first vial puncture. 13
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El ketoprofeno es un potente fármaco antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) derivado del ácido propiónico, estructuralmente relacionado con el ibuprofeno, el naproxeno y el carprofeno. Se utiliza en medicina veterinaria por sus robustas propiedades analgésicas, antipiréticas y antiinflamatorias.
Aspectos farmacológicos destacados:
- Perfil enantiomérico: El ketoprofeno comercial es una mezcla racémica. El enantiómero S(+) es el principal responsable de la actividad anti-prostaglandina (y la toxicidad gastrointestinal/renal asociada), mientras que el enantiómero R(-) proporciona analgesia sin efectos gastrointestinales significativos.
- Utilidad por especie: Se utiliza ampliamente en caballos para el dolor musculoesquelético y es considerado por algunos clínicos como un AINE de elección para la analgesia a corto plazo en gatos. También se utiliza en perros, ganado vacuno, porcino y diversas especies exóticas.
- Perlas clínicas: Aunque es altamente eficaz, el ketoprofeno es un inhibidor no selectivo de la COX. Por lo tanto, conlleva un mayor riesgo de ulceración gastrointestinal y toxicidad renal en comparación con los AINE inhibidores selectivos de la COX-2 (coxibs) más nuevos, especialmente en animales pequeños. Su uso en perros y gatos suele limitarse a tratamientos de corta duración (p. ej., de 1 a 5 días).
Mecanismo de acción
Ketoprofen exerts its effects primarily through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
- Arachidonic Acid Cascade: Cell membrane phospholipids → Phospholipase A2 → Arachidonic Acid.
- COX Inhibition: Ketoprofen non-selectively blocks COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin precursors (endoperoxides), thereby halting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and hyperalgesic prostaglandins (e.g., PGE2) and thromboxanes.
- LOX Inhibition (Theoretical): Ketoprofen purportedly has inhibitory activity on lipoxygenase (LOX), which would theoretically block the formation of leukotrienes. However, in vitro studies have not definitively confirmed this dual-inhibition activity at therapeutic doses in veterinary species.
- Central and Peripheral Action: By reducing peripheral prostaglandins, it decreases nociceptor sensitization. It also acts centrally to reduce fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known hypersensitivity to ketoprofen or other NSAIDs
- Active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
- Significant renal or hepatic impairment
- Late pregnancy (due to risk of premature closure of the patent ductus arteriosus)
- Intra-arterial administration
- Dehydrated, hypovolaemic, or hypotensive patients
- Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease
- Patients with blood clotting problems
- Pregnant animals
- Animals < 6 weeks of age
Efectos adversos
- Horses: Gastric mucosal damage, GI ulceration, renal crest necrosis, mild hepatitis, injection site inflammation (IM)
- Dogs and Cats: Vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal ulceration, renal toxicity
- General: Masking of infection signs (inflammation, hyperpyrexia)
- Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- Gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding
- Renal toxicity (especially in dehydrated/hypotensive patients)
- Hepatic accumulation (in patients with liver disease)
- Potential precipitation of cardiac failure (rare/unknown risk in animals)
Precauciones
High Protein Binding: Because ketoprofen is highly protein-bound, patients with hypoproteinemia may have increased levels of free (active) drug, significantly increasing the risk of toxicity.
- GI and Renal Risks: Use only when potential benefits outweigh risks in patients with a history of GI ulceration or compromised renal/hepatic function.
- Masking Infection: May mask clinical signs of infection such as fever and inflammation. Use appropriate anti-infective therapy if a primary infectious process is present.
- Breeding Animals: Use with caution in breeding animals; effects on fertility and fetal health are not fully established. Avoid in late pregnancy.
- Administration Warnings: Avoid subcutaneous (SC) injections in horses. Do not administer intra-arterially in any species.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk for bleeding.
Plasma levels of ketoprofen could decrease; increased likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss). Concomitant use is not recommended.
May increase risk for GI ulceration.
Concomitant administration significantly increases the risks for GI adverse effects and ulceration.
May increase risk for nephrotoxicity.
May increase NSAID levels.
Ketoprofen may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of furosemide.
Ketoprofen is 99% protein-bound and may displace other drugs, leading to increased serum levels and duration of action.
Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs are used concomitantly; use with extreme caution.
May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of ketoprofen.
Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and renal toxicity. Do not administer concurrently or within 24 hours.
Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Do not administer concurrently or within 24 hours.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in pain, lameness, or fever)
- Adverse effects (monitor for vomiting, diarrhea, melena, or anorexia)
- Baseline and periodic liver and renal function tests (BUN, Creatinine, ALT, AST) are recommended with long-term therapy
- Clinical signs of gastrointestinal ulceration (vomiting, melena, anorexia)
- Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, USG) especially in older or compromised patients
- Hepatic enzymes
- Hydration status and blood pressure
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration in rats, dogs, and humans. Presence of food or milk decreases oral absorption. Oral absorption is poor in horses. IV and IM areas under the curve are relatively equivalent in horses.
Distribución
Volume of distribution is low in adult horses, but higher in foals (doses may need to be 1.5X higher in neonates). Enters synovial fluid. Highly bound to plasma proteins (99% in humans, ~93% in horses).
Metabolismo
Metabolized to a conjugated metabolite (primarily glucuronidation in dogs and horses). In cats, thioesterification is proposed as a major elimination mechanism.
Eliminación
Eliminated via the kidneys both as a conjugated metabolite and unchanged drug.
Sobredosis
As with any NSAID, overdosage can lead to severe gastrointestinal and renal toxicity.
- Dogs: The LD50 after oral ingestion is reported to be 2000 mg/kg, but exposures as low as 0.44 mg/kg have caused GI ulcers. Common clinical signs of toxic exposure include vomiting.
- Cats: Highly sensitive; have developed renal toxicity at doses as low as 0.7 mg/kg.
- Horses: Generally tolerate higher doses. Doses up to 11 mg/kg IV once daily for 15 days showed no toxicity. However, severe laminitis occurred at 33 mg/kg/day (15X label dose) for 5 days. At 55 mg/kg/day (25X label dose), horses developed anorexia, depression, icterus, abdominal swelling, gastritis, nephritis, and hepatitis.
Treatment:
- Decontamination: Emetics and/or activated charcoal are appropriate for recent oral exposures.
- GI Protection: Use of gastrointestinal protectants (e.g., omeprazole, sucralfate, misoprostol) is strongly warranted if GI effects are expected.
- Renal Protection: Aggressive IV fluid diuresis is warranted to support renal perfusion if renal effects are expected.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Veterinary Injection: 100 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL
- Veterinary Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
- Human Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg
- Human Extended-Release Capsules: 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg
- Injectable: 1% solution
- Oral: 5 mg tablets
- Oral: 20 mg tablets
Veterinario
- Ketoprofen Injection: 100 mg/mL (Ketofen, generic)
- Ketoprofen Injection: 10 mg/mL (Anafen, Ketofen - Canada/UK)
- Ketoprofen Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg (Anafen, Ketofen - Canada/UK)
- Ketofen 1% injection
- Ketofen 5 mg tablets
- Ketofen 20 mg tablets
Etiquetado para humanos
- Ketoprofen Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg
- Ketoprofen Extended-Release Capsules: 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg
- Oruvail
- Orudis
Estado regulador
Tiempos de retirada: pig meat 4 days · cattle meat 4 days · cattle milk 0 hours · horse meat 28 days
POM-V classification.
POM-V classification.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Oral capsules should be stored at room temperature in tight, light-resistant containers. Veterinary injection should be stored at room temperature.
Información para el cliente
El ketoprofeno es un medicamento utilizado para reducir el dolor, la inflamación y la fiebre en su mascota.
Directrices de seguridad importantes:
- Administrar con comida: Si administra ketoprofeno por vía oral, es mejor darlo junto con una comida para ayudar a reducir la posibilidad de malestar estomacal.
- Vigile los problemas estomacales: Los efectos secundarios más comunes son vómitos, pérdida de apetito y diarrea. Deje de administrar el medicamento y contacte a su veterinario inmediatamente si su mascota vomita, deja de comer o si nota heces oscuras y alquitranadas o sangre en el vómito o las heces. Estos pueden ser signos de úlceras estomacales.
- No mezcle medicamentos: Nunca dé a su mascota aspirina, ibuprofeno ni ningún otro analgésico (como Rimadyl, Metacam o Deramaxx) mientras esté tomando ketoprofeno, a menos que su veterinario le indique específicamente lo contrario. Mezclarlos puede causar sangrado estomacal fatal o insuficiencia renal.
- Siga las instrucciones exactamente: No aumente la dosis ni la administre con más frecuencia de la prescrita. Los gatos y los perros son muy sensibles a las sobredosis de AINE.
- La hidratación es clave: Asegúrese de que su mascota siempre tenga acceso a abundante agua fresca para ayudar a proteger sus riñones.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.