Meloxicam
4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide
También conocido como: Metacam · Meloxidyl · Loxicom · Mobic · Orocam · Rheumocam · Inflacam · Meloxivet · Meloxicamum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 3 jun 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Evidencia posológica v13 auditada
Evidencia estructurada para el cálculoAnalgesia during gastrointestinal stasis
Requiere verificación veterinaria
- q24h
Contexto clínico obligatorio (2)
- Exclude emergent diagnoses (obstruction, enterotoxemia)
- if renal status stable
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El meloxicam es un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) ampliamente utilizado que pertenece a la clase de los oxicams. Se prescribe principalmente en medicina veterinaria para el manejo del dolor y la inflamación asociados con la osteoartritis, así como para el control del dolor postoperatorio.
Sus propiedades clave incluyen:
- Analgésico: Reduce la percepción del dolor.
- Antiinflamatorio: Disminuye la inflamación de los tejidos.
- Antipirético: Reduce la fiebre.
Perla clínica: El meloxicam es altamente preferido en la práctica de animales pequeños debido a su conveniente dosificación una vez al día y a la disponibilidad de una suspensión oral altamente palatable, lo que permite una dosificación precisa y fácilmente titulada según el peso corporal exacto del paciente.
Mecanismo de acción
Meloxicam exerts its therapeutic effects primarily through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for synthesizing prostaglandins from arachidonic acid.
Arachidonic Acid → COX Enzymes → Prostaglandins & Thromboxanes
- COX-1 (Constitutive): Produces prostaglandins that protect the gastric mucosa, maintain normal renal blood flow, and support platelet function.
- COX-2 (Inducible): Upregulated in response to tissue injury and inflammation, producing pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
Meloxicam is a COX-2 preferential (or COX-2 selective) NSAID at therapeutic doses. This means it preferentially inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, thereby reducing inflammation and pain, while largely sparing the COX-1 enzyme, which theoretically reduces the risk of gastrointestinal and renal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to meloxicam or other NSAIDs
- Active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
- Pre-existing renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular dysfunction
- Hypovolemic, dehydrated, or hypotensive patients (increased risk of renal toxicity)
- Concurrent use of other NSAIDs or corticosteroids
- Bleeding disorders
- Impaired hepatic, cardiac, or renal function
- Hemorrhagic disorders
- Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
- Dehydrated, hypovolemic, or hypotensive animals
Efectos adversos
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence)
- Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding (melena, hematemesis)
- Renal toxicity (elevated BUN/Creatinine, acute kidney injury)
- Hepatic toxicity (elevated ALT/AST, rare but possible)
- Lethargy or depression
- Renal impairment
- Hepatic enzyme elevation
Precauciones
Important Precautions:
- Hydration Status: Ensure patients are well-hydrated and normotensive prior to administration, especially perioperatively, to mitigate the risk of ischemic renal injury.
- Feline Use: In the United States, meloxicam carries a Black Box Warning for cats regarding repeated oral dosing, which has been associated with acute renal failure and death. However, single-dose injections for post-operative pain are approved, and off-label highly titrated, low-dose chronic use is practiced in other countries under strict monitoring.
- Washout Periods: Implement an appropriate washout period (typically 5-7 days) when transitioning a patient from a corticosteroid or another NSAID to meloxicam.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Significantly increases the risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Concurrent use is strictly contraindicated.
Additive toxicity; increases risk of GI, renal, and hepatic adverse effects. A washout period is required when switching.
May reduce the efficacy of the ACE inhibitor and increase the risk of renal toxicity.
NSAIDs may reduce the diuretic effect of furosemide.
Increased risk of bleeding complications.
Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding
Increased risk of gastrointestinal and renal toxicity
Potential reduction in hypotensive effect and increased risk of renal toxicity
Monitorización
- Baseline blood work (CBC, Chemistry panel) prior to initiating chronic therapy
- Renal values (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA, USG)
- Hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
- Clinical signs of GI toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, melena, anorexia)
- Hydration status
- Liver enzymes (ALT, ALP)
- PCV/TP (if GI bleeding suspected)
- Clinical signs of GI upset (vomiting, diarrhea, melena)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Well absorbed following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within 2-4 hours in dogs.
Distribución
Highly protein-bound (>97%). Penetrates synovial fluid, reaching concentrations approximately 40-50% of those in blood plasma.
Metabolismo
Extensively metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes (oxidation).
Eliminación
Excreted primarily as metabolites in feces (biliary excretion) and urine.
Sobredosis
Overdose Management:
Overdosage of meloxicam increases the risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration, acute renal failure, and hepatic toxicity.
- Recent Ingestion (< 2 hours): Induce emesis (if no contraindications) followed by the administration of activated charcoal to prevent further absorption.
- Gastrointestinal Protection: Initiate GI protectants such as sucralfate, H2-receptor antagonists (e.g., famotidine), or proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole).
- Renal Protection: Administer intravenous fluid therapy (e.g., Lactated Ringer's or 0.9% NaCl) at diuresis rates for 48-72 hours to support renal perfusion and flush the kidneys.
- Monitoring: Monitor baseline and daily renal panel (BUN, Creatinine, Phosphorus), PCV/TP, and liver enzymes.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral suspension (0.5 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL)
- Injectable solution (5 mg/mL)
- Tablets (1 mg, 2.5 mg, 7.5 mg, 15 mg)
- Transmucosal oral spray
- 0.5 mg/ml oral suspension (cats)
- 1.5 mg/ml oral suspension (dogs)
- 1.0 mg tablet (dogs)
- 2.5 mg tablet (dogs)
- 2 mg/ml injectable solution (cats)
Veterinario
- Metacam 1.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension (Dogs)
- Metacam 0.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension (Cats/Dogs)
- Metacam 5 mg/mL Injectable Solution
- Meloxidyl 1.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension
- Loxicom Oral Suspension
- Orocam Transmucosal Spray
- Inflacam
- Meloxivet
- Rheumocam
Etiquetado para humanos
- Mobic 7.5 mg Tablets
- Mobic 15 mg Tablets
- Generic meloxicam tablets and capsules
Estado regulador
Tiempos de retirada: pig meat 5 days · cattle meat 15 days · horse meat 5 days
POM-V status in the UK/EU.
POM-V
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C or 68-77°F). Keep oral suspensions tightly closed. Do not freeze.
Información para el cliente
Pautas importantes para la medicación de su mascota:
- Administrar con comida: Siempre administre el meloxicam con una comida o inmediatamente después de comer para ayudar a prevenir malestar estomacal.
- Utilice la jeringa correcta: Si utiliza la forma líquida, utilice únicamente la jeringa dosificadora proporcionada con el medicamento para asegurar que se administre la dosis exacta.
- Esté atento a los efectos secundarios: Suspenda la administración del medicamento inmediatamente y contacte a su veterinario si observa cualquiera de los siguientes síntomas:
- Vómitos o diarrea
- Heces negras, alquitranadas o con sangre
- Pérdida de apetito o rechazo a comer
- Letargo, depresión o comportamiento inusual
- Aumento en la ingesta de agua o en la micción
ADVERTENCIA CRÍTICA: NUNCA administre a su mascota analgésicos para humanos (como aspirina, ibuprofeno/Advil, Tylenol/acetaminofén) ni ningún otro medicamento veterinario para el dolor mientras esté tomando meloxicam. Combinarlos puede causar úlceras estomacales fatales o insuficiencia renal.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.