Metocarbamol
Methocarbamol
Guaiphenesin carbamate
También conocido como: Robaxin-V · Robaxin-750 · Guaiphenesin carbamate · Labycarbol · Laxan · Lumirelax · Miowas · Musxan · Myocin · Myomethol · Ortoton · Remisol · Rexivin · Robinax · Traumacut · Methocarbamolum
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relief of moderate conditions | 44 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus | 55-220 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation (Tablets) | Initially, 132 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h-q12h, then 61-132 mg/kg divided q8-12h | PO | q8h-q12h | Discontinue if no response in 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation for intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) | 15-20 mg/kg PO three times daily | PO | TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation for certain toxicosis (e.g., strychnine, metaldehyde, tetanus) | 150 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Control severe tremors associated with tremorgenic Mycotoxin intoxication | 55-220 mg/kg IV to effect at a rate no more than 2 mL/minute | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Control tremors associated with Guarana (caffeine) toxicity | 50-220 mg/kg IV, administered slowly and to effect; do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities | 20-45 mg/kg | PO | q8h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Relief of moderate conditions: Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus: Do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day. Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities: Very high doses may be required for tetanus. Recommended not to exceed 330 mg/kg.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relief of moderate conditions | 44 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus | 55-220 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation (Tablets) | Initially, 132 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h-q12h, then 61-132 mg/kg divided q8-12h | PO | q8h-q12h | Discontinue if no response in 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment (control of seizures/muscle tremors) of permethrin toxicity | initially administered at 50-150 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities | 20-45 mg/kg | PO | q8h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Relief of moderate conditions: Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus: Do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day. Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Adjunctive treatment (control of seizures/muscle tremors) of permethrin toxicity: First half is given IV slowly over approximately 5-10 minutes and the second half of the dose being given as needed to effect. The dose can be repeated up to a maximum of 330 mg/kg/day; in severely affected cases, the total daily dose can be calculated and given over 24 hours as a constant rate infusion.
- General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities: Very high doses may be required for tetanus. Recommended not to exceed 330 mg/kg. Limited literature in cats.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate conditions | 4.4-22 mg/kg IV to effect | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Severe conditions | 22-55 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation | 15-25 mg/kg IV by slow infusion | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Oral administration | Use 2-3 times the recommended IV dose | PO | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute rhabdomyolysis | 15-25 mg/kg slow IV infusion | IV | May repeat up to four times daily if needed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Moderate conditions: ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of CNS hyperactivity | 110 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
Methocarbamol es un relajante muscular esquelético de acción central estructuralmente relacionado con la guaifenesina. Se utiliza ampliamente en medicina veterinaria para tratar afecciones inflamatorias y traumáticas agudas del músculo esquelético, así como para controlar espasmos musculares y temblores graves.
Perlas clínicas:
- Altamente eficaz y utilizado frecuentemente como intervención para salvar vidas en casos de toxicidad por permetrina en gatos e ingestión de micotoxinas tremorgénicas (p. ej., alimentos enmohecidos) en perros.
- Disponible en formulaciones tanto orales como inyectables.
- La formulación inyectable contiene polietilenglicol (PEG) 300, que puede exacerbar patologías renales preexistentes; por lo tanto, la forma IV debe usarse con precaución o evitarse en pacientes con enfermedad renal significativa.
- No relaja directamente los músculos esqueléticos contraídos, sino que actúa mediante la depresión del sistema nervioso central.
Mecanismo de acción
The exact mechanism of action of methocarbamol is not fully understood, but it is known to act centrally rather than peripherally.
- Central CNS Depression: It is believed to cause skeletal muscle relaxation by general central nervous system depression, likely depressing polysynaptic reflexes in the internuncial neurons of the spinal cord.
- No Peripheral Action: It has no direct relaxant effects on striated muscle, nerve fibers, or the motor endplate.
- Secondary Effects: Produces a secondary sedative effect due to its generalized CNS depressant properties.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Food-producing animals
- Renal disease (injectable formulation only, due to PEG 300 vehicle)
- Known hypersensitivity to methocarbamol
- Subcutaneous (SC) administration
- No specific contraindications available, but use with caution in renal or hepatic impairment.
Efectos adversos
- Sedation
- Salivation
- Emesis
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Ataxia
Precauciones
Administration Warnings:
- Intravenous Use: Give IV slowly. Do not exceed a rate of 2 mL/minute in dogs and cats. Avoid extravasation as it can cause tissue irritation.
- Do NOT administer subcutaneously (SC).
Organ System Warnings:
- Renal Impairment: The injectable product contains polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300, which can increase pre-existing acidosis and urea retention. Avoid IV use in patients with known or suspected renal pathology.
- Working Animals: May impair the abilities of working animals due to CNS depressant effects.
Reproductive/Nursing:
- FDA Category C for pregnancy. Use with caution as a last resort when benefits clearly outweigh risks. Safety during lactation is unknown, though considered compatible with breastfeeding in humans.
Laboratory Considerations:
- May falsely elevate urinary values of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) or 5-HIAA.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Additive CNS depression may occur when given concurrently.
May cause severe weakness (reported in a human patient with myasthenia gravis).
Additive CNS depression
Monitorización
- Level of muscle relaxation
- Degree of sedation
- Respiratory rate and effort (especially with high IV doses or concurrent CNS depressants)
- Degree of muscle relaxation
- CNS depression/sedation levels
- Renal and hepatic function (if prolonged use)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
In humans, onset of action is about 30 minutes after oral administration. Peak levels occur approximately 2 hours after dosing.
Distribución
Limited pharmacokinetic data is available in veterinary species.
Metabolismo
The drug is metabolized to inactive metabolites. Guaifenesin is a minor metabolite of methocarbamol, but due to very low concentrations, it likely has no clinical effect.
Eliminación
Inactive metabolites are excreted primarily into the urine, with small amounts in the feces. In horses, plasma clearances appear to be dose-dependent after IV administration (lower clearances measured after higher doses).
Sobredosis
Signs of Toxicity: Overdosage is generally characterized by profound CNS depressant effects, including loss of righting reflex and prostration. Excessive doses in dogs and cats may manifest as emesis, salivation, severe weakness, and ataxia.
Management:
- Decontamination: If the overdose occurred recently via oral administration, emptying the gut (e.g., emesis induction or gastric lavage) may be indicated. Do not induce emesis if the patient's continued consciousness and airway protection are not assured.
- Supportive Care: Treat other clinical signs supportively if severe. Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular function closely.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection
- Oral: 500 mg, 750 mg tablets
Veterinario
- Methocarbamol Tablets: 500 mg (Robaxin-V)
- Methocarbamol Injection: 100 mg/mL in vials of 20 mL and 100 mL (Robaxin-V)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Methocarbamol Tablets: 500 mg & 750 mg (Robaxin, Robaxin-750, generic)
- Methocarbamol Injection: 100 mg/mL in 10 mL vials (Robaxin)
- Robaxin 500 mg tablets
- Robaxin 750 mg tablets
Estado regulador
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store tablets at room temperature in tight containers. Store the injection at room temperature and do not freeze. Solutions prepared for IV infusion should not be refrigerated as a precipitate may form. Because a haze or precipitate may form, all diluted intravenous solutions should be physically inspected before administration.
Información para el cliente
Nota importante: El color de la orina de su mascota puede oscurecerse (a veces pareciendo negra, marrón o verde) mientras toma este medicamento. Este es un efecto secundario inofensivo y no debe ser motivo de preocupación.
- Sedación y torpeza: Este medicamento comúnmente causa somnolencia, letargo y falta de coordinación al caminar (ataxia). Mantenga a su mascota en un área segura y confinada, lejos de escaleras, muebles desde los cuales pueda saltar u otros peligros para evitar lesiones.
- Administración: Administre exactamente según lo prescrito. Si olvida una dosis, no duplique la siguiente.
- Efectos secundarios a reportar: Comuníquese con su veterinario si su mascota experimenta vómitos severos, salivación excesiva o se debilita tanto que no puede mantenerse en pie.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.