Fenilpropanolamina
Phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine HCl
También conocido como: Proin · Propalin · Cystolamine · Uricon · Uriflex-PT · Urilin · PPA · dl-norephedrine · Diphenylpyraline
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 12.5-50 mg (total dose) or 1-2 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | Dogs weighing less than 40 lbs: ½ capsule PO daily. Dogs 40-100 lbs: 1 capsule PO daily. Dogs weighing >100 lbs: 1.5 capsules PO per day. | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 1-1.5 mg/kg PO two to three times a day | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 5-50 mg per dog PO q8h or 1.5 mg/kg PO q8h-12h | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Retrograde ejaculation | 3-4 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Urethral sphincter hypotonus: Using the time-release 75 mg capsules
- Urethral sphincter hypotonus: Controls 74-92% of dogs with primary sphincter mechanism incontinence. Over half of dogs not responding to regular PPA will respond to sustained-release PPA.
- Retrograde ejaculation: May be tried
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 12.5 mg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 1-1.5 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urethral sphincter hypotonus | 1.1 -2.2 mg/kg PO two to three times daily | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La fenilpropanolamina (PPA) es una amina simpaticomimética no selectiva utilizada principalmente en medicina veterinaria para el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria asociada con la incompetencia del mecanismo del esfínter uretral (IMEU), particularmente en perras esterilizadas.
Aunque históricamente se ha utilizado como descongestionante nasal, su principal indicación veterinaria se basa en su capacidad para aumentar el tono del músculo liso en el cuello de la vejiga y la uretra proximal.
Perlas clínicas:
- La PPA es altamente eficaz para la incontinencia urinaria adquirida en perros, con tasas de éxito que a menudo superan el 75-85%.
- Debido a que es un simpaticomimético, puede causar efectos adrenérgicos sistémicos, siendo los más notables la hipertensión y cambios de comportamiento (inquietud, ansiedad).
- Está clasificada como una sustancia química de Lista 1 en los EE. UU. debido a su potencial uso como precursor en la síntesis de metanfetamina, lo que puede someterla a restricciones de compra específicas.
Mecanismo de acción
Phenylpropanolamine acts primarily as an indirect-acting sympathomimetic, though it may have some direct receptor agonist activity.
- Mechanism: It stimulates the release of endogenous norepinephrine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
- Pathway: Released norepinephrine binds to alpha-1 adrenergic receptors located in the smooth muscle of the internal urethral sphincter and bladder neck → increased sphincter tone → prevention of urine leakage.
- It also stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, which can contribute to systemic cardiovascular effects (e.g., increased heart rate and contractility).
- Note: Prolonged use or excessive dosing frequency can theoretically deplete norepinephrine from storage sites, leading to tachyphylaxis (decreased response), though this is rarely documented in dogs or cats treated for incontinence.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Glaucoma
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Diabetes mellitus
- Cardiovascular disorders
- Hypertension
- Severe renal or hepatic disease
Efectos adversos
- Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Urine retention
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Anorexia
- Rare reports of 'stroke' in dogs
- Panting
Precauciones
Use with caution in patients with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, or hypertension. May cause decreased ovum implantation, though clinical experience has not demonstrated untoward effects during pregnancy.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Increased risk of arrhythmias. Propranolol may be administered should these occur.
Should not be given within two weeks of receiving MAOIs due to risk of severe hypertension and toxicity.
Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.
Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.
Should not be administered together as increased toxicity may result.
Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.
Increased risk of hypertension
Risk of severe hypertensive crisis
Increased sympathomimetic effects and risk of hypertension
Monitorización
- Clinical effectiveness (reduction in urine leakage)
- Adverse effects (restlessness, irritability, anorexia)
- Blood pressure
- Clinical response (reduction in urinary incontinence)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Behavioral changes (restlessness, pacing)
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
In humans, readily absorbed after oral administration. Onset of action is about 15-30 minutes with a duration of effect lasting approximately 3 hours (regular capsules/tablets).
Distribución
Reportedly distributed into various tissues and fluids, including the CNS. Unknown if it crosses the placenta or enters milk.
Metabolismo
Partially metabolized to an active metabolite.
Eliminación
80-90% is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours of dosing.
Sobredosis
Clinical signs of overdosage may consist of an exacerbation of adverse effects (restlessness, anxiety).
Severe Overdose Signs:
- Cardiovascular: Hypertension to rebound hypotension, bradycardias to tachycardias, and cardiovascular collapse.
- CNS: Stimulation progressing to coma.
- Case report: A dog ingesting 48 mg/kg developed ventricular tachycardia and myocardial necrosis (resolved within 6 months).
Treatment:
- If recent, empty the stomach using usual precautions and administer charcoal and a cathartic.
- Treat clinical signs supportively.
-
WARNING: Do NOT use propranolol to treat hypertension in bradycardic patients. Do NOT use atropine to treat bradycardia.
- Hypertension may be managed with a phenothiazine (e.g., acepromazine at very low doses such as 0.02 mg/kg IV or IM). If unsuccessful, consider a CRI of nitroprusside.
- Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Chewable tablets
- Timed-release capsules
- Oral solution
- 40 mg/ml syrup
- 15 mg tablet
- 50 mg tablet
Veterinario
- Phenylpropanolamine Chewable Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, & 75 mg (Proin, Propalin, Uriflex-PT, Uricon)
- Phenylpropanolamine Timed-Release Capsules: 75 mg (Cystolamine)
- Phenylpropanolamine oral solution: 25 mg/mL in 60 mL bottles (Proin Drops); 50 mg/mL in 30 mL and 100 mL bottles
- Propalin 40 mg/ml syrup
- Urilin 40 mg/ml syrup
- Proin 15 mg tablets
- Proin 50 mg tablets
Etiquetado para humanos
- Removed from the US market due to potential adverse effects in humans.
Estado regulador
Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinary).
Classified as POM-V.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store phenylpropanolamine products at room temperature in light-resistant, tight containers.
Información para el cliente
Importante: Para que este medicamento sea eficaz, debe administrarse exactamente según las indicaciones de su veterinario. Las dosis omitidas anularán su efecto y provocarán goteo recurrente.
- Puede tomar varios días para que el beneficio completo del medicamento se haga evidente.
- Este medicamento controla la incontinencia pero no la cura; generalmente se requiere un uso a largo plazo.
- Cuándo llamar al veterinario: Comuníquese con su veterinario si su mascota demuestra cambios continuos en su comportamiento (como jadeo excesivo, inquietud, caminar de un lado a otro o irritabilidad), si deja de comer, o si la incontinencia persiste o empeora.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.