Piperazina
Piperazine
Diethylenediamine
También conocido como: Pipa-Tabs · Wazine · WormEze · D-Worm · Tasty Paste · Various AVM-GSL products · Diethylendiamin · Dispermin · Hexahydropropyrazin · Piperazinum · Piperazina
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; for pups less than 2.5 kg: 150 mg maximum | PO | once | Retreat in 2-3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 21 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 100 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 20-30 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; 150 mg maximum | PO | once | Retreat in 2-3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 21 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 100 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 20-30 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
Pequeños mamíferos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinworms (Mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits) | Piperazine citrate in drinking water at 3 grams/liter | PO | continuous | 2 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms (Rabbits) | 100 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms (Rabbits) | Adults: 200-500 mg/kg PO q24h. Young rabbits: 750 mg/kg, PO once daily | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pinworms/tapeworms (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas) | 2-5 mg/mL drinking water | PO | continuous | 7 days, off 7 days and repeat | 🌎 NA |
- Pinworms (Rabbits): Piperazine citrate. Wash the perianal area.
- Pinworms (Rabbits): Piperazine adipate. Wash the perianal area.
- Pinworms/tapeworms (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas): Piperazine citrate
Aves
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascarids in poultry | 100-500 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | Repeat in 10-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Nematodes in raptors | 100 mg/kg | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Nematodes in parakeets and canaries | 0.5 mg/gram | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ascaridia galli in poultry | 32 mg/kg (as base) (approximately 0.3 grams for each adult) | PO | once | Given in each of 2 successive feedings or for 2 days in drinking water | 🌎 NA |
- Ascarids in poultry: Not effective in psittacines
- Nematodes in raptors: Piperazine citrate
- Nematodes in parakeets and canaries: Piperazine citrate
- Ascaridia galli in poultry: Citrate or adipate salts usually used in feed; hexahydrate in drinking water
Reptiles
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nematodes | 40-60 mg/kg PO | PO | once | Repeat in two weeks | 🌎 NA |
- Nematodes: Follow with a fecal examination 14 days after the second dose. If positive, give a third dose and continue cycle until cleared.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of ascarids | 110 mg/kg (base) PO | PO | once | Repeat in 3-4 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of ascarids | 200 mg/kg, PO | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of ascarids: Retreating at 10-week intervals for P. equorum infections in young animals is recommended
- Treatment of ascarids: Maximum of 80 grams in adults, 60 grams in yearlings, and 30 grams in foals
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum | 0.2-0.4% in the feed, or 0.1-0.2% in the drinking water | PO | once | Consume within 12 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum | 110 mg/kg (as base) | PO | once | Consume in 8-12 hours | 🌎 NA |
- Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum: Fasting or withholding water overnight may be beneficial. Retreat in 2 months. Safe in young animals and pregnancy.
- Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum: Citrate salt usually used in feed as a one-day treatment, and hexahydrate in drinking water.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La piperazina es un antihelmíntico de espectro reducido utilizado principalmente para el tratamiento de áscaris (gusanos redondos) en perros, gatos, caballos, cerdos y aves de corral.
- Se considera seguro su uso en animales con gastroenteritis concurrente y durante la gestación.
- Perla clínica: Debido a que la piperazina solo es eficaz contra áscaris adultos y carece de eficacia contra anquilostomas, tricocéfalos o tenias, su uso en la medicina veterinaria moderna ha sido reemplazado en gran medida por antihelmínticos de espectro más amplio como el pyrantel, fenbendazol y las lactonas macrocíclicas.
- Disponible en varias formas de sal (citrato, adipato, fosfato, hexahidrato, dihidrocloruro), las cuales contienen cantidades variables de la base activa de piperazina.
Mecanismo de acción
Piperazine exerts a 'curare-like' effect on susceptible nematodes.
- It acts as a GABA receptor agonist and blocks acetylcholine at the myoneural junction of the parasite.
- This causes flaccid paralysis (narcotizing the worm), allowing the live, paralyzed worms to be passed out of the host's gastrointestinal tract with the feces.
- In ascarids, it also inhibits succinic acid production.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Chronic liver disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Gastrointestinal hypomotility
- Chronic renal failure
- Hepatic impairment
- Heavy worm burdens (relative contraindication due to risk of intestinal impaction)
Efectos adversos
- Diarrhea
- Emesis
- Transient softening of feces (horses)
- Neurological signs at high doses (ataxia, tremors)
Precauciones
Important: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders.
Equine Warning: In horses with heavy infestations of Parascaris equorum, rupture or blockage of the intestines is possible due to the rapid death and detachment of a large worm burden.
- Laboratory Interference: Piperazine can affect uric acid blood levels (both falsely high and low values have been reported); interpret results cautiously.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May precipitate seizures if used concomitantly (data conflicts, but caution is advised)
Not recommended; may eliminate piperazine from the GI tract before its full efficacy is established
Antagonistic modes of action (pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, piperazine causes flaccid paralysis); should not be used together
Antagonistic mechanism of action (Pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, Piperazine causes flaccid paralysis)
Antagonistic mechanism of action
Monitorización
- Clinical and/or laboratory efficacy (fecal examinations)
- Adverse effects (neurological signs, GI upset)
- Fecal flotation (to confirm clearance of roundworms)
- Adverse neurological signs
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Readily absorbed from the proximal sections of the gastrointestinal tract.
Distribución
Specific distribution kinetics on individual species were not located.
Metabolismo
Metabolized by the kidneys.
Eliminación
Excreted by the kidneys.
Sobredosis
Piperazine generally has a wide margin of safety (oral LD50 of piperazine adipate in mice is 11.4 g/kg). However, acute massive overdosage can lead to paralysis and death.
Feline Toxicity: In cats, adverse effects occur within 24 hours after a toxic dose is ingested. Clinical signs include:
- Emesis, hypersalivation, dehydration
- Weakness, dyspnea, depression
- Muscular fasciculations of ears, whiskers, tail, and eyes
- Rear limb ataxia, head-pressing
- Positional nystagmus and slowed pupillary responses (Many of these effects may also be seen in dogs after toxic ingestions.)
Treatment:
- Symptomatic and supportive care.
- If ingestion was recent, use of activated charcoal and a cathartic is suggested.
- Intravenous fluid therapy.
- Keep the animal in a quiet, dark place.
- Recovery generally takes place within 3-4 days.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Oral liquid/suspension
- Oral paste
- Powder/granules for feed or drinking water
- Oral: 500 mg tablets
- Various oral liquids and powders
Veterinario
- Piperazine Dihydrochloride tablets equivalent to 50 mg or 250 mg base (Pipa-Tabs®)
- Alfalfa Pellet Horse Wormer
- Tasty Paste® Dog & Puppy Wormer
- Wonder Wormer™ for Horses
- D-Worm™ Liquid Wormer for Cats and Dogs
- Wazine®-17
- Wazine®-34
- Hartz® Advanced Care™ Liquid Wormer
- Sergeant's® Vetscription® Worm-Away®
- WormEze™ Canine & Feline Anthelmintic
- Various authorized proprietary products (AVM-GSL)
- 500 mg tablets
Estado regulador
Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, piperazine products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
Información para el cliente
- Administre exactamente según las indicaciones: Administre solo la cantidad recetada por su veterinario. No exceda la dosis.
- Generalmente es necesario repetir el tratamiento: Debido a que el medicamento solo elimina los gusanos adultos en los intestinos y no afecta a las larvas migratorias en los tejidos, normalmente se requiere una segunda dosis de 2 a 3 semanas después de la primera.
- Monitoree los efectos secundarios: Comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato si nota efectos adversos graves como vómitos, diarrea, debilidad severa, espasmos musculares o caminar descoordinado (ataxia).
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.