Proclorperazina
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine (base, edisylate, maleate)
También conocido como: Compazine · Compro · Prorazin · Stemetil · Tementil · chlormeprazine · prochlorpemazine
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1 mg/kg | IM | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q6-8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.5-1 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration
- As an antiemetic: Use with extreme caution in dehydrated or hypotensive animals
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | SC or IM | three times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q6-8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.5-1 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La proclorperazina es un potente antiemético fenotiazínico utilizado en medicina veterinaria principalmente para controlar náuseas y vómitos graves en perros y gatos.
Históricamente, se utilizó ampliamente en productos combinados específicos para uso veterinario (como Darbazine®, que incluía un anticolinérgico), pero actualmente se utiliza fuera de indicación (off-label) mediante formulaciones para humanos.
Perla clínica: Debido a su amplio antagonismo de receptores, la proclorperazina es altamente efectiva para el vómito de origen central. Sin embargo, debido a su potencial para causar sedación significativa y bloqueo alfa-adrenérgico (que conduce a hipotensión), generalmente se reserva para casos en los que los antieméticos más nuevos y específicos (como maropitant u ondansetron) son ineficaces o no están disponibles. También posee propiedades sedantes leves y una débil actividad anticolinérgica.
Mecanismo de acción
Prochlorperazine exerts its antiemetic effects primarily by acting on the brain's emetic center and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ). Its broad-spectrum efficacy is due to the antagonism of multiple receptor types:
- Dopaminergic (D2) Antagonism → Blocks dopamine signaling in the CRTZ, providing the primary antiemetic effect.
- Histaminergic (H1) & Cholinergic (M1) Antagonism → Contributes to anti-motion sickness efficacy and mild antispasmodic effects in the GI tract.
- Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonism → Causes peripheral vasodilation, which is responsible for the primary adverse effect of hypotension.
It also has strong extrapyramidal effects due to central dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypovolemia or dehydration
- Shock
- Tetanus
- Strychnine intoxication
- Hepatic dysfunction (use with caution)
- Cardiac disease (use with caution)
Efectos adversos
- Sedation
- Hypotension
- Muscle fasciculations and tremors (extrapyramidal signs)
- Prolactin release
- Depression
- Extrapyramidal reactions (rigidity, tremors, weakness, restlessness)
Precauciones
Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazine administration. Use cautiously and at smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation. Because of hypotensive effects, it is relatively contraindicated in patients with hypovolemia, dehydration, or shock. May exacerbate depression in patients with pre-existing CNS depression. Do not use for tetanus or strychnine intoxication due to extrapyramidal effects. Use with caution in very young or debilitated animals.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines
Phenothiazines may decrease pressor effects
Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide
May enhance the hypotensive effects of the phenothiazines; dosages of prochlorperazine may need to be reduced
Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their effects may be potentiated
Toxicity of the herbicide paraquat may be increased by prochlorperazine
Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently with phenothiazines
Toxicity may be enhanced by prochlorperazine
Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines
Increased blood levels of both drugs may result if administered together
Prochlorperazine may decrease anticoagulant effect
May cause additive CNS depression
May reduce GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to unopposed beta activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate
Monitorización
- Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible to measure)
- Anti-emetic/anti-spasmodic efficacy
- Hydration and electrolyte status
- Body temperature (especially if ambient temperature is very hot or cold)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- CNS status (sedation level, extrapyramidal signs)
- Liver function (with prolonged use)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Little specific information available; likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.
Distribución
Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazines. A related compound (chlorpromazine) is detected in maternal milk with a milk-to-plasma ratio of 0.5-0.7 or less.
Metabolismo
Hepatic (assumed based on phenothiazine class).
Eliminación
Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.
Sobredosis
Overdose generally presents as an exaggeration of adverse effects, particularly profound sedation, hypotension, and extrapyramidal clinical signs (such as torticollis, severe tremors, muscle rigidity, and excessive salivation).
Treatment: Acute extrapyramidal signs have been successfully treated with injectable diphenhydramine in humans. Hypotension should be treated with intravenous fluids; avoid epinephrine due to the risk of "epinephrine reversal" causing further vasodilation.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection (edisylate salt)
- Oral tablets (maleate salt)
- Rectal suppositories (base)
- 12.5 mg/ml injectable solution (1 ml ampoule)
- 3 mg oral tablet
- 5 mg oral tablet
- 5 mg/5 ml oral syrup
Veterinario
- None currently available (Darbazine® is no longer marketed in the USA)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Prochlorperazine for Injection: 5 mg/mL in 2 mL vials
- Prochlorperazine Tablets: 5 mg & 10 mg (as maleate)
- Prochlorperazine Suppositories: 25 mg (as base)
- Stemetil 12.5 mg/ml injection
- Stemetil 3 mg tablets
- Stemetil 5 mg tablets
- Stemetil 5 mg/5 ml syrup
Estado regulador
Not a first choice; used off-label under the prescribing cascade as maropitant and metoclopramide are authorized.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Used under the cascade.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature. Avoid temperatures above 40°C and below freezing. A slight yellowing of the oral or injectable solution has no effects on potency or efficacy, but do not use if a precipitate forms or the solution is substantially discolored.
Información para el cliente
Nota de seguridad importante: Observe a su mascota de cerca durante al menos una hora después de la administración. Manténgala en un entorno seguro y tranquilo, ya que este medicamento puede causar somnolencia e inestabilidad.
- Boca seca: Su mascota puede experimentar sequedad bucal (a menudo observada como chasquidos de labios). Esto puede aliviarse aplicando pequeñas cantidades de agua en la lengua de su mascota durante 10-15 minutos.
- Cambio en el color de la orina: Este medicamento puede teñir la orina de un color rosa o marrón rojizo sin causar daño; esto es normal y no es motivo de preocupación.
- Cuándo llamar al veterinario: Los vómitos y la diarrea prolongados pueden ser graves. Comuníquese con su veterinario si los signos clínicos no disminuyen. Busque atención veterinaria inmediata si su animal muestra un comportamiento anormal, se pone rígido o presenta otros movimientos corporales anormales o temblores.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.