Bromuro de propantelina
Propantheline Bromide
Propantheline bromide
También conocido como: Pro-Banthine · bromuro de propantelina · propanthelini bromidum · Bropantil · Corrigast · Ercorax Rollon · Ercoril · Ercotina · Pantheline · Probamide
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 0.2 mg/kg PO q6-8h; increase dose if necessary to the lowest dose that will control clinical signs | PO | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 7.5-30 mg (total dose) PO once a day to q8h | PO | q24h to q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 7.5-15 mg (total dose) PO q12h; occasionally dosages of 30 mg q8h are required | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc. | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q8-12h | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc. | 7.5-30 mg PO q8-12h | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. | 0.25 mg/kg PO three times a day | PO | TID | Do not use longer than 48-72 hours (48 hours for acute colitis) | 🌎 NA |
| Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. | 0.5 mg/kg two to three times daily | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal | 0.25 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO once a day to once every 3 days | PO | q24h to q72h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence | 5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO q8h; 7.5 mg PO q72h | PO | q8h or q72h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc. | 0.8-1.6 mg/kg three times daily | PO | TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc. | 7.5 mg PO q8-12h | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic colitis | 0.5 mg/kg two to three times daily | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal | 0.25 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence: Empirical dosage. Further studies required to substantiate beneficial effect.
- Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Although generally ineffective, a trial may be attempted.
- Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection | 0.04 mg/kg IV | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery | 30 mg IV | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.
- To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
El bromuro de propantelina es un agente antimuscarínico (anticolinérgico) sintético de amonio cuaternario. Se utiliza principalmente en medicina veterinaria por sus propiedades antiespasmódicas y antisecretoras.
Usos clínicos clave:
- Pequeños animales: Manejo de la diarrea, detrusor hiperreflexivo (incontinencia de urgencia) y bradicardias que responden a anticolinérgicos.
- Equinos: Se administra por vía intravenosa para reducir el peristaltismo colónico y relajar el recto, facilitando exámenes rectales y procedimientos quirúrgicos más seguros.
Perla clínica: Debido a que la propantelina es un compuesto de amonio cuaternario, está permanentemente ionizada y es altamente hidrosoluble. Esta característica estructural impide que atraviese fácilmente la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE) o penetre en el ojo. En consecuencia, proporciona efectos anticolinérgicos periféricos (como la relajación gastrointestinal y el aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca) con significativamente menos efectos adversos en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) u oculares en comparación con las aminas terciarias como la atropina.
Mecanismo de acción
Propantheline acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (primarily M1, M2, and M3 subtypes) located on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands.
- Gastrointestinal Tract: Blockade of M3 receptors → decreased smooth muscle tone and peristalsis (antispasmodic effect) + reduced gastric acid secretion.
- Urinary Tract: Blockade of M3 receptors on the detrusor muscle → relaxation of the bladder wall → increased bladder capacity and reduced urge incontinence.
- Cardiovascular System: Blockade of M2 receptors on the sinoatrial (SA) node → vagolytic effect → increased heart rate.
- Exocrine Glands: Blockade of muscarinic receptors → decreased salivation and respiratory secretions.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergics
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- Gastrointestinal obstructive disease
- Paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)
Efectos adversos
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
- Urinary hesitancy or retention
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Vomiting (especially in cats)
- Hypersalivation (especially in cats)
- Ileus (at high doses, potentially leading to bacterial overgrowth)
Precauciones
Extreme Caution:
- GI Infections: Can decrease GI motility and prolong retention of causative agents or toxins, worsening clinical signs.
- Autonomic Neuropathy: Use with extreme caution.
Caution:
- Hepatic or renal disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Esophageal reflux
- Geriatric or pediatric patients
- Nursing patients (unknown if excreted in milk, but anticholinergics can reduce milk production and cause toxicity in neonates)
Interacciones farmacológicas
May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.
May enhance the activity of propantheline.
Propantheline may decrease the absorption of cimetidine.
Long-term concurrent use may increase intraocular pressure.
May enhance the activity of propantheline.
May potentiate the adverse effects of propantheline.
Propantheline may enhance the actions of nitrofurantoin.
May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.
Propantheline may enhance their actions.
Propantheline delays absorption but increases peak serum levels of ranitidine; relative bioavailability of ranitidine may increase by 23%.
Propantheline may enhance their actions.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, incontinence, or bradycardia)
- Heart rate and rhythm (if indicated)
- Adverse effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Incompletely absorbed after oral administration due to complete ionization. Food decreases the amount absorbed. Variably absorbed in dogs; dosages require individual titration.
Distribución
Poorly lipid soluble; does not extensively penetrate into the CNS or eye.
Metabolismo
Believed to be prevalently metabolized in the GI tract and/or liver.
Eliminación
Less than 5% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Sobredosis
Toxicity Profile: Because of its quaternary structure, minimal CNS effects are expected following an overdose compared to tertiary amines like atropine.
Treatment:
- Decontamination: If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics.
- Supportive Care: Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. Do not use phenothiazines as they may exacerbate anticholinergic effects.
- Antidote (Physostigmine): Controversial. Reserve for extreme agitation/risk of injury, or severe/life-threatening supraventricular and sinus tachycardias.
- Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV; may repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects.
- Note: Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Tablets (Human-labeled): 7.5 mg, 15 mg
- Injectable: No commercial veterinary product available; must be freshly compounded/filtered from oral tablets for equine IV use
Etiquetado para humanos
- Propantheline Bromide Tablets: 7.5 mg & 15 mg (Pro-Banthine®; generic)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Propantheline bromide tablets should be stored at room temperature in tight containers.
Información para el cliente
Importante: La propantelina se utiliza para tratar la diarrea, la incontinencia urinaria o las frecuencias cardíacas bajas. Actúa relajando los músculos lisos y disminuyendo las secreciones glandulares.
- Boca seca: Su mascota puede experimentar sequedad bucal. Esto puede aliviarse aplicando pequeñas cantidades de agua en la lengua de su animal durante 10-15 minutos.
- Monitoreo de signos de empeoramiento: Los vómitos y la diarrea prolongados pueden ser graves. Contacte a su veterinario de inmediato si los síntomas no disminuyen o si empeoran.
- Otros efectos secundarios: Esté atento a estreñimiento, dificultad para orinar o una frecuencia cardíaca acelerada. Los gatos pueden babear o vomitar ocasionalmente después de tomar este medicamento.
- Administración: Administre exactamente según lo prescrito. No suspenda el medicamento abruptamente sin consultar a su veterinario.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.