S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe)
Ademetionine
También conocido como: Zentonil · Denamarin · Donamet · Gumbaral · Isimet · MoodLift · S Amet · Samyr · Transmetil · Tunik · Samylin · Hepatosyl · S-adenosyl-L-methionine · Sadenosylmethionine · SAM-e · Sammy · methioninyl adenylate · SAMe · AdoMet · S-adenosylmethionine
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General dosing / Liver support | 18 mg/kg (or based on weight: <5.5 kg: 90 mg; 5.5-11 kg: 180-225 mg; 11-16 kg: 225 mg; 16-29.5 kg: 450 mg; 29.5-41 kg: 675 mg; >41 kg: 900 mg) | PO | q24h (may divide q12h if giving >1 tablet) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, vacuolar hepatopathy) | 20 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, adjunctive therapy | At least 100 mg for every 10 kg or 20 mg/kg | PO | q24h | Long-term as needed | 🌍 EU |
- General dosing / Liver support: Give on an empty stomach, at least one hour before feeding.
- Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, vacuolar hepatopathy): Give on an empty stomach; use a proven bioavailable product.
- Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, adjunctive therapy: Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before food. Tablets should be given whole.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General dosing / Liver support | 18 mg/kg (or based on weight: <5.5 kg: 90 mg; 5.5-11 kg: 180-225 mg) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, feline hepatic lipidosis) | 20 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, improve bile flow | 100 mg/cat or 20 mg/kg | PO | q24h | Long-term as needed | 🌍 EU |
- General dosing / Liver support: Give on an empty stomach, at least one hour before feeding.
- Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, feline hepatic lipidosis): Give on an empty stomach; use a proven bioavailable product.
- Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, improve bile flow: Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before food. Tablets should be given whole.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe) es una molécula endógena de origen natural y un nutracéutico veterinario de gran utilidad, que actúa principalmente como hepatoprotector.
Las aplicaciones clínicas clave incluyen:
- Enfermedad hepática: Se utiliza como tratamiento coadyuvante para la hepatitis crónica, lipidosis hepática, colangiohepatitis y la enfermedad de la tríada felina.
- Manejo de toxicidad: Es crucial en el tratamiento de la lesión hepática aguda inducida por hepatotoxinas, como la toxicidad por acetaminofén o xilitol, al reponer las reservas agotadas de glutatión.
- Usos adicionales: Puede beneficiar a pacientes con osteoartritis, disfunción cognitiva relacionada con la edad (síndrome de disfunción cognitiva canina) y aquellos que reciben medicamentos hepatotóxicos a largo plazo (p. ej., fenobarbital, lomustina).
Perla clínica: Debido a que la SAMe es altamente reactiva e inestable, las formulaciones comerciales utilizan diversas formas de sal (p. ej., tosilato, butanodisulfonato) para mejorar la estabilidad. La biodisponibilidad varía significativamente entre productos, por lo que se recomienda encarecidamente elegir una marca veterinaria de buena reputación.
Mecanismo de acción
SAMe is synthesized from the amino acid methionine and ATP via the enzyme SAMe synthetase. In liver compromise, this enzyme's activity is a rate-limiting step, leading to systemic SAMe deficiency. Exogenous SAMe bypasses this block and participates in three major biochemical pathways:
- Transsulfuration → Generates sulfur-containing compounds → Precursor to Glutathione (GSH). Glutathione is the liver's master antioxidant, essential for ROS scavenging and cellular detoxification. Exogenous SAMe prevents GSH depletion.
- Transmethylation → Serves as a methyl donor → Essential for phospholipid synthesis (e.g., phosphatidylcholine) → Maintains cell membrane structure, fluidity, and function.
- Aminopropylation → Donates aminopropyl groups → Source of polyamines → Promotes anti-inflammatory effects, protein/DNA synthesis, and hepatocyte replication/regeneration.
Additionally, SAMe inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis secondary to alcohol or bile acid accumulation.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Use with caution in pregnant animals (safety not definitively proven)
- No absolute contraindications documented
- Use with caution during pregnancy (safety not established)
Efectos adversos
- Immediate post-dose vomiting
- Anorexia
- Nausea (reported in humans)
- Diarrhea (reported in humans)
- Flatulence (reported in humans)
- Diarrhoea
- Paradoxical anxiety
- Dry mouth (reported in humans)
- Headache (reported in humans)
- Sweating (reported in humans)
- Dizziness (reported in humans)
Precauciones
There are no apparent absolute contraindications to the use of SAMe.
Pregnancy/Nursing: The safety of exogenous SAMe has not been definitively proven in pregnancy; use with caution. However, limited studies in laboratory animals and pregnant women with liver disease have not demonstrated ill effects. It is unknown if SAMe enters maternal milk.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects (serotonin syndrome)
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects
Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome
Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome
Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome
Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome
SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation
SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation
SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation
Monitorización
- Clinical signs (appetite, activity, attitude)
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
- Liver biopsies (if indicated)
- Hepatic and erythrocyte glutathione levels (Note: may require 1-4 months before changes in lab values are noted)
- Liver enzyme panel (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
- Total bilirubin and bile acids
- Clinical signs of cognitive improvement or behavioral changes
- Signs of serotonin syndrome (agitation, tremors, hyperthermia) if used concurrently with serotonergic drugs
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Oral bioavailability is highly dependent on the stabilizing salt (tosylate ~1%, 1,4-butanedisulfonate ~5%). The presence of food in the gut substantially reduces absorption. Peak levels occur 1-6 hours post-dosing with enteric-coated tablets. Chewable formulations yield similar AUC but faster peak levels.
Distribución
Enters portal circulation after absorption.
Metabolismo
Primarily metabolized in the liver.
Eliminación
In humans, 17% of a radiolabeled dose is recovered in urine within 48 hours; 27% in feces.
Sobredosis
SAMe appears to be quite safe. The LD50 in rodents exceeds 4.65 grams/kg. Toxicity studies in dogs and cats at usual prescribed dosages demonstrated no deleterious effects.
In the event of a massive overdose, mild gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) may be observed, but it is highly unlikely to require specific medical treatment beyond supportive care.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Enteric-coated tablets
- Chewable tablets
- Oral tablets: 90 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 400 mg, 425 mg
- Oral capsules: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg
- Oral powder: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg
- Nutraceutical mixtures (often combined with silybin/milk thistle)
Veterinario
- Denosyl (Nutramax): 90 mg, 225 mg, & 425 mg enteric-coated tablets; 225 mg chewable tablets
- Zentonil (Vetoquinol): 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg tablets
- Denamarin (Nutramax): Combination product containing SAMe and silybin (silymarin)
- Denamarin (SAMe + Silybin)
- Zentonil Advanced
- Samylin
- Hepatosyl
Etiquetado para humanos
- Various over-the-counter nutritional supplements (tablets/capsules of varying concentrations)
- Various OTC SAMe dietary supplements (tablets and capsules)
Estado regulador
Classified as GSL (General Sale List) / nutraceutical.
Classified as GSL (General Sale List) / nutraceutical.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Store at room temperature. Avoid conditions of high temperature or humidity. SAMe is inherently unstable in acidic or aqueous environments; store in tightly sealed, moisture-resistant containers (keep in original blister packs until use).
Información para el cliente
Administración de SAMe a su mascota
- El momento es clave: Administre las tabletas con el estómago vacío, preferiblemente al menos una hora antes de comer. Los alimentos disminuyen drásticamente la cantidad de suplemento que el cuerpo de su mascota puede absorber.
- No triture ni parta las tabletas: A menos que esté utilizando específicamente una formulación masticable, no triture, parta ni rompa las tabletas con recubrimiento entérico. El recubrimiento especial protege el principio activo del ácido estomacal para que pueda absorberse en los intestinos.
- Almacenamiento: Mantenga las tabletas en su blíster original hasta el momento justo antes de administrarlas. La SAMe es muy sensible a la humedad y al aire, y se degradará rápidamente si se deja expuesta.
- Paciencia: Puede tomar de varias semanas a meses observar mejoras en los análisis de sangre hepáticos de su mascota, aunque es posible que note mejoras en su energía y apetito antes.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.