Estibogluconato de sodio

Sodium Stibogluconate

Sodium Antimony Gluconate

También conocido como: Pentostam · Sodium antimony gluconate · stiboglucat-natrium · natriumstibogluconat-9-wasser · solusurmin · sodio stibogluconato · natrii stibogluconas · Stibogluconate sodium

Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia

30-50 mg/kg IV or SC dailyIV/SC· q24h· 3-4 weeks

Peso corporal— 🐕

Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.

Dosis por especie

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

Perros

Indicación	Dosis	Vía	Frecuencia	Duración	Región
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis	30-50 mg/kg IV or SC daily	IV/SC	q24h	3-4 weeks	🌎 NA
Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis	30-50 mg/kg IV or SC q24h	IV/SC	q24h	one month	🌎 NA

Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: Has severe side effects and may not be obtainable in the USA; allopurinol alone is usually used initially.

Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.

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Resumen

El estibogluconato de sodio es un compuesto de antimonio pentavalente utilizado principalmente como agente antileishmaniásico tanto en medicina humana como veterinaria.

Se considera un pilar tradicional para el tratamiento de la leishmaniosis cutánea y visceral en perros.
El fármaco se caracteriza por tener un índice terapéutico estrecho, con un alto potencial de efectos adversos graves.

Perla clínica: En los Estados Unidos, este fármaco no está disponible comercialmente. Debe obtenerse directamente de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bajo protocolos específicos, y puede o no ser autorizado para su uso en animales domésticos.

Mecanismo de acción

The exact mechanism of action of sodium stibogluconate remains incompletely elucidated.

Prodrug Hypothesis: It is widely hypothesized to act as a prodrug, where the pentavalent antimony (SbV) is reduced to the more toxic trivalent antimony (SbIII) within the host macrophage or the parasite itself.
Bioenergetic Disruption: It is believed to interfere with the parasite's bioenergetics by reducing ATP and GTP synthesis in susceptible Leishmania amastigotes, ultimately leading to parasite death.

Seguridad y advertencias

Contraindicaciones

Pre-existing cardiac arrhythmias
Significantly impaired renal function
Previous serious adverse reaction to a dose of stibogluconate
Severe renal impairment
Severe hepatic impairment

Efectos adversos

Increased AST levels
Pain on injection
Musculoskeletal pain
Hemolytic anemia
Leukopenia
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Pancreatitis
Myocardial injury and arrhythmias
Renal toxicity
Shock
Sudden death
Thrombophlebitis (with IV administration)
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Injection site pain
Lethargy
Anorexia
Myalgia/Arthralgia
Cardiac arrhythmias (rare)

Precauciones

Contraindicated in patients with pre-existing cardiac arrhythmias or significantly impaired renal function.

Duration Warning: The incidence of adverse effects reportedly increases significantly if the drug is administered for longer than 2 months.
Pregnancy: Has not been shown to cause fetal harm, but should be withheld during pregnancy unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
Nursing: Controversial; the manufacturer states it should not be used in nursing mothers, though some human pediatric guidelines consider it compatible.

Interacciones farmacológicas

Amphotericin BMajor

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity

AllopurinolMinor

Synergistic antileishmanial effect (often used together clinically)

Monitorización

CBC
Liver enzymes (especially AST)
Renal function tests
ECG (for myocardial injury/arrhythmias)
Bone marrow cultures for Leishmania
Clinical efficacy
Renal function (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA, Urinalysis)
Hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
Pancreatic enzymes (cPLI, Lipase)
ECG (for arrhythmias)

Farmacocinética

Vida media

Perros0.6-1.5 hours

Absorción

Well absorbed following intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

Distribución

In dogs, steady-state volume of distribution is 0.25 L/kg.

Metabolismo

Pentavalent antimony is partially reduced to the more toxic and active trivalent antimony in vivo.

Eliminación

The main route of excretion is via the kidneys; glomerular filtration rate determines the excretion rate. Clearance in dogs is 1.71 L/kg/hr.

Sobredosis

In the unlikely event of a parenterally administered overdose, it is suggested to immediately contact an animal poison control center.

Chelation Therapy: Potentially, antimony toxicity can be managed by chelating agents such as dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or d-penicillamine to enhance excretion.

Productos disponibles

Formulaciones

Injection: 100 mg (of antimony)/mL
Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution

Etiquetado para humanos

Sodium Stibogluconate (sodium antimony gluconate) 100 mg (of antimony)/mL for injection in 6 mL and 100 mL (Pentostam)
Pentostam 100 mg/ml solution for injection

Estado regulador

European Union✓ AprobadoMedicamento de prescripciónEMA

🐕 Dogs

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ AprobadoMedicamento de prescripciónVMD