Espectinomicina
Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin hydrochloride / Spectinomycin sulfate
También conocido como: Adspec · Spectam Scour-Halt · Spectoguard Scour-Chek · LS 50 · LincoSpectin · M-141 · actinospectacin · spectinomycini · U-18409AE · Kempi · Kirin · Stanilo · Togamycin · Trobicine · Vabicin
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible infections | 5.5-11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible infections | 5-10 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For acute infectious gastroenteritis | 5-12 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- For susceptible infections: Alternatively 22 mg/kg PO q12h (for enteric infections; not absorbed)
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For acute infectious gastroenteritis | 5-12 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
Aves
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For airsacculitis associated with M. meleagridis or chronic respiratory disease associated with E. coli in turkey poults (1-3 days old) | 0.1 mL (10 mg) | SC | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For control and to lessen mortality due to infections from M. synoviae, S. typhimurium, S. infantis, and E. coli in newly hatched chicks | 2.55 mg/0.2 mL | SC | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For prevention and control of chronic respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers | 2 grams/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
| For infectious synovitis associated with Mycoplasma synoviae in broilers | 1 gram/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
| For improved weight gain/feed efficiency in floor-raised broilers | 0.5 grams/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
- For airsacculitis associated with M. meleagridis or chronic respiratory disease associated with E. coli in turkey poults (1-3 days old): Inject in the base of the neck.
- For control and to lessen mortality due to infections from M. synoviae, S. typhimurium, S. infantis, and E. coli in newly hatched chicks: Dilute injection with normal saline to a concentration of 2.55 mg/0.2 mL and inject SC.
- For prevention and control of chronic respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
- For infectious synovitis associated with Mycoplasma synoviae in broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
- For improved weight gain/feed efficiency in floor-raised broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible infections | 20 mg/kg | IM | three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| For pneumonia | 20 mg/kg | IM | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
- For pneumonia: May cause local myositis. Insufficient data to comment on use.
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia | 33 mg/kg | SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible infections | 22-39.6 mg/kg/day | IM | divided three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| For bovine respiratory disease | 10-15 mg/kg | SC | once daily (q24h) | for 3-5 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
- For bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia: Suggested withdrawal time is 60 days.
- For bovine respiratory disease: Inject in the neck; not more than 50 mL per site.
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible enteric infections | 10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For bacterial enteritis (white scours) in baby pigs associated with E. coli susceptible to spectinomycin | 50 mg/10 lbs of body weight | PO | twice daily | for 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible enteric infections | 10 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La espectinomicina es un antibiótico aminociclitol, estructuralmente relacionado con los aminoglucósidos pero que carece de azúcares amino y enlaces glucosídicos.
Perlas clínicas:
- Bacteriostático vs. Bactericida: Debido a sus diferencias estructurales con los aminoglucósidos verdaderos, la espectinomicina es bacteriostática en lugar de bactericida.
- Perfil de seguridad: Destaca por carecer de la grave nefrotoxicidad y ototoxicidad comúnmente asociadas con los aminoglucósidos tradicionales (como la gentamicina o la amikacina).
- Espectro de actividad: Posee un espectro relativamente amplio contra muchas bacterias grampositivas y gramnegativas (incluyendo E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Streptococci, Staphylococcus y Mycoplasma).
- Limitaciones: Tiene una actividad mínima o nula contra anaerobios, la mayoría de las cepas de Pseudomonas, Chlamydia o Treponema.
- Uso principal: Se utiliza predominantemente en animales de producción (porcinos, aves, ganado bovino) para infecciones respiratorias y entéricas, aunque ocasionalmente se utiliza fuera de etiqueta en perros, gatos y caballos.
Mecanismo de acción
Spectinomycin works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds specifically to the 30S ribosomal subunit → Inhibits mRNA translation and translocation → Halts protein synthesis → Bacteriostatic effect (prevents bacterial replication and growth).
Note: Unlike true aminoglycosides, spectinomycin does not cause misreading of the messenger RNA, which explains why its action is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to spectinomycin
Efectos adversos
- Neuromuscular blockade (reversible with parenteral calcium)
- Swelling or soreness at injection sites (especially SC in cattle)
- Transient ataxia (reported in turkey poults at high injected doses)
- Mild increases in BUN, ALP, and SGPT (reported in humans)
- Decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine clearance (reported in humans)
Precauciones
Neuromuscular Blockade: Like other aminocyclitols/aminoglycosides, spectinomycin can cause neuromuscular blockade, though it is generally safer. If this occurs, parenteral calcium administration will generally reverse the blockade.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category B in humans (animal studies have not demonstrated fetal risk, but adequate human studies are lacking). Use with caution.
- Nursing: It is unknown if spectinomycin is excreted in milk; use caution when administering to nursing patients.
- Tissue Irritation: Subcutaneous administration in cattle may cause localized swelling at the injection site.
Interacciones farmacológicas
Antagonism has been reported when used concurrently.
Antagonism has been reported when used concurrently.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection symptoms)
- Injection site monitoring for swelling or myositis
Farmacocinética
Absorción
Oral absorption is poor (only about 7% of the dose is absorbed), but the drug remaining in the GI tract is active locally. When injected SC or IM, the drug is well absorbed with peak serum levels occurring in about 1 hour.
Distribución
Tissue levels of absorbed drug are lower than those found in the serum. Spectinomycin does not appreciably enter the CSF or the eye and is not bound significantly to plasma proteins. Placental and milk transfer are unknown.
Metabolismo
Excreted mostly unchanged.
Eliminación
Absorbed drug is excreted via glomerular filtration into the urine mostly unchanged. In cattle, the terminal half-life is about 2 hours.
Sobredosis
Because the drug is negligibly absorbed after oral administration, significant systemic toxicity is highly unlikely via the oral route.
Injected overdoses may cause neurological or neuromuscular signs. For example, injected doses of 90 mg produced transient ataxia in turkey poults. If severe neuromuscular blockade occurs following massive parenteral overdose, parenteral calcium administration may be required to reverse the blockade.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection (100 mg/mL)
- Water Soluble Concentrate (0.5 g/g)
- Oral Solution (50 mg/mL)
- Water Soluble Powder (Combination with Lincomycin)
Veterinario
- Spectinomycin Sulfate Injection: 100 mg/mL (Adspec)
- Spectinomycin Injection: 100 mg/mL (Spectam Injectable)
- Spectinomycin Water Soluble Concentrate: 0.5 gram/gram (Spectam Water Soluble)
- Spectinomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL (Spectam Scour-Halt, Spectoguard Scour-Chek)
- Spectinomycin/Lincomycin combinations (LS 50 Water Soluble Powder, Sepclinx-50, LincoSpectin Sterile Solution)
Estado regulador
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, spectinomycin products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). Protect from freezing.
Información para el cliente
Nota importante: La espectinomicina es un antibiótico utilizado principalmente para tratar infecciones bacterianas específicas en animales de granja (como ganado bovino, porcino y aves), y ocasionalmente para infecciones gastrointestinales en animales de compañía.
- Administración: Siga exactamente las instrucciones de su veterinario. Si administra un líquido oral o lo mezcla en el agua de bebida, asegúrese de que el animal consuma la dosis completa prevista.
- Efectos secundarios: Este medicamento es generalmente muy seguro. Si se administra mediante inyección bajo la piel, puede notar una leve hinchazón o sensibilidad en el lugar de la inyección.
- Finalización del tratamiento: Complete siempre el curso completo del antibiótico recetado, incluso si su animal parece haberse recuperado por completo. Suspender el tratamiento antes de tiempo puede provocar infecciones bacterianas resistentes.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.