Tiamina (Vitamina B1)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Thiamine hydrochloride
También conocido como: Thiamilate · Horse Care Durvit B-1 Crumbles · Thia-Dex · Vitamin B-1 Powder · Vitamin B1 · Aneurine hydrochloride · Thiamin hydrochloride · Thiamine chloride · Thiamini hydrochloridum · Thiaminii chloridum · Thiamine hydrochloride
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 5-50 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 1-2 mg | IM | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 2 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | SC | twice daily | for several days until regression of symptoms with complete recovery | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment for ethylene glycol toxicity | 100 mg/day | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | parenterally | twice a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 10-20 mg/kg | IM | Not specified | for several days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis | 100 mg of thiamine in one liter of crystalloid fluids | IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | SC | twice daily | for several days until regression of symptoms with complete recovery | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 10-20 mg/kg IM or SC two to three times daily until signs abate, then 10 mg/kg PO once daily | IM, SC, PO | two to three times daily, then once daily | 21 days for PO phase | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Experimentally, as little as 1 mg is effective
- Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis: With additional soluble B vitamins. Indicated if neck ventroflexion is present.
Pequeños mamíferos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylaxis when animals with E. macusaniensis treated with amprolium for >5 days (Camelids) | 10 mg/kg | SC | q24h | after the 5th day of amprolium | 🌎 NA |
- Prophylaxis when animals with E. macusaniensis treated with amprolium for >5 days (Camelids): For Camelids (NWC)
Caballos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 0.5-5 mg/kg | IV, IM or PO | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-1000 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy) | 1 gram in one liter of fluids | IV | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| As part of a parenteral nutrition (PN) formula | 1-2 mL/45 kg daily | IV | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
- Adjunctive treatment of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy): For Foals
- As part of a parenteral nutrition (PN) formula: Using a specific B complex vitamin mix (thiamine 12.5 mg/mL) diluted in fluids or PN.
Ganado
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Polioencephalomalacia | 10-20 mg/kg | IM or SC | 3 times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Polioencephalomalacia | 10 mg/kg | IV, IM | up to 4 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of lead poisoning | 2 mg/kg | IM | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
- Polioencephalomalacia: If giving IV dilute in isotonic saline or isotonic dextrose.
- Polioencephalomalacia: First dose may be given via slow IV and subsequent doses IM. Severely affected animals may benefit from corticosteroids and mannitol.
- Adjunctive therapy of lead poisoning: Given at same time as CaEDTA therapy; total daily dose 8 mg/kg
Cerdos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 5-100 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
Ovejas
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 20-200 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
Cabras
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La tiamina (vitamina B1) es una vitamina hidrosoluble esencial para el metabolismo de los carbohidratos y la función neurológica normal.
Puntos clínicos clave:
- Causas de deficiencia: En animales pequeños, la deficiencia suele ser resultado de una ingesta dietética inadecuada (p. ej., dietas basadas exclusivamente en carne sin suplementos, dietas comerciales destruidas por calor) o la ingestión de alimentos que contienen tiaminasa (p. ej., pescado crudo). En rumiantes, a menudo es secundaria a bacterias ruminales productoras de tiaminasa o a la ingestión de plantas que contienen tiaminasa como el helecho común (bracken fern), lo que conduce a la polioencefalomalacia (PEM).
- Signos clínicos: Se manifiesta como problemas gastrointestinales (anorexia, salivación), signos neuromusculares/SNC graves (ataxia, convulsiones, ventroflexión del cuello en gatos, pérdida de reflejos) o arritmias cardíacas.
- Usos coadyuvantes: Se utiliza frecuentemente en el manejo de la toxicidad por etilenglicol (para desviar el metabolismo lejos de los oxalatos tóxicos) y el envenenamiento por plomo.
- Perla clínica: Debido a que el cerebro depende en gran medida del metabolismo de los carbohidratos, el SNC es altamente sensible a la deficiencia de tiamina, lo que hace que la suplementación rápida sea crítica cuando aparecen signos neurológicos.
Mecanismo de acción
Thiamine is actively transported into cells where it combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form thiamine diphosphate (thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP).
- Enzymatic Co-factor: TPP is an essential coenzyme for several key metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (both critical for the Krebs cycle/aerobic energy production), and transketolase (pentose phosphate pathway).
- Metabolic Pathway: Glucose → Pyruvate. Without TPP, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA.
- Pathophysiology of Deficiency: Diminished NADH production forces the cell into anaerobic glycolysis, converting accumulated pyruvic acid into lactic acid → Lactic acidosis and cellular energy failure (especially in high-demand tissues like the brain and heart).
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Known hypersensitivity to thiamine or any of its components
Efectos adversos
- Hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions (rare)
- Vasovagal anaphylactic response in cats (cardiac arrest, severe bradycardia, apnea, hypotension, collapse) when given SC (rare)
- Injection site tenderness or muscle soreness (IM)
- Pain at the injection site (IM/SC)
- Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions (primarily with rapid IV administration)
Precauciones
Anaphylaxis Warning: Hypersensitivity reactions, though rare, can occur. A severe vasovagal anaphylactic response has been noted in a small number of cats following subcutaneous administration.
- Administration: Intravenous administration should be performed slowly or diluted in fluids to minimize adverse cardiovascular reactions.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive serum uric acid results (phosphotungstate method) and urobilinogen urine spot tests (Ehrlich's reagent). Large doses may interfere with theophylline concentration assays (Schack and Wexler method).
Interacciones farmacológicas
Thiamine may enhance the activity of neuromuscular blocking agents; clinical significance is unknown.
Monitorización
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of neurologic, gastrointestinal, or cardiac signs)
- Electrolyte levels (potassium, phosphate, magnesium) if treating conditions like feline hepatic lipidosis
- Resolution of clinical signs of thiamine deficiency (e.g., neurological improvement)
- Dietary intake and nutritional balance
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Thiamine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Distribución
Widely distributed to most body tissues.
Metabolismo
Metabolized by the liver.
Eliminación
Elimination is primarily renal, with the majority of the drug eliminated as metabolites.
Sobredosis
Very large doses of thiamine in laboratory animals have been associated with neuromuscular or ganglionic blockade, though the clinical significance in veterinary patients is unknown.
- Massive Doses: May cause hypotension and respiratory depression.
- Lethal Dose: A lethal dose of 350 mg/kg has been reported.
- Treatment: Generally, no specific treatment is required for most overdoses due to its water-soluble nature and rapid renal excretion.
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection: 100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL
- Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg
- Enteric Coated Tablets: 20 mg
- Oral Powder/Crumbles/Supplement
- Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
- Oral: various tablets, capsules, and liquids
Veterinario
- Thiamine HCl for Injection: 200 mg/mL in 100 mL and 250 mL vials
- Thiamine HCl for Injection: 500 mg/mL in 100 mL vials
- Thiamine HCl Dietary Supplement: 8,200 mg per lb (Horse Care Durvit B-1 Crumbles)
- Thiamine HCl Supplement: 500 mg/oz (Thia-Dex, Vitamin B-1 Powder)
- 100 mg/ml injectable solution (authorized for farm animals)
Etiquetado para humanos
- Thiamine Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg & 250 mg
- Thiamine Enteric Coated Tablets: 20 mg (Thiamilate)
- Thiamine HCl Injection: 100 mg/mL in 1 mL and 2 mL vials
- Various oral supplements (tablets, capsules)
Estado regulador
Tiempos de retirada: cattle meat 0 days · cattle milk 0 hours
Injectable formulations are authorized for veterinary use in farm animals (POM-V). Oral forms are widely available on general sale.
Tiempos de retirada: cattle meat 0 days · cattle milk 0 hours
Injectable formulations are POM-V (authorized for farm animals), while various oral formulations are available on general sale.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Protect from light and store at temperatures less than 40°C (preferably between 15-30°C); avoid freezing. Thiamine HCl is unstable in alkaline or neutral solutions, or with oxidizing/reducing agents. It is most stable at a pH of 2.
Información para el cliente
- Manejo dietético: Asegúrese de que su mascota consuma una dieta equilibrada preparada comercialmente. Evite alimentar con pescado crudo o dietas exclusivamente de carne cruda, ya que pueden destruir la tiamina y provocar una deficiencia grave.
- Administración: Si a su mascota se le receta tiamina, adminístrela exactamente como lo indique su veterinario. No omita dosis.
- Observación: Contacte a su veterinario de inmediato si nota signos de debilidad, tropiezos, convulsiones o si la cabeza de su gato cae hacia su pecho (ventroflexión).
- Investigación: Se debe realizar una investigación epidemiológica sobre la causa de la deficiencia (dieta, acceso a ciertas plantas, pescado crudo) para prevenir la recurrencia.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.