Vinblastina
Vinblastine
Vinblastine sulfate
También conocido como: Velban · Alkaban · Blastovin · Cellblastin · Cytoblastin · Ifabla · Lemblastine · Periblastine · Serovin · Solblastin · Velbe · Velsar · Xintoprost · 29060-LE · NSC-49842 · sulfato de vimblastina · vinblastini sulfas · vincaleukoblastine sulphate · VBL · Vinblastine sulfate · VLB
Revisado por el equipo veterinario de VetSheetActualizado 5 abr 2026Referencia veterinaria basada en la evidencia
Esta dosis se basa en la superficie corporal (mg/m²). Convierta el peso en superficie corporal antes de administrarla.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Dosis por especie
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
Perros
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible neoplasms (e.g., mast cell tumors, lymphoma) | 2-2.2 mg/m2 | IV | every 1-2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Mast cell tumors (specific protocol) | Given on four subsequent days | IV | every 3 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible neoplasms (e.g., mast cell tumors, lymphoma): Often used in combination with other chemo drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide and prednisolone).
- Mast cell tumors (specific protocol): Consult specialized oncology references for exact protocol details.
Gatos
| Indicación | Dosis | Vía | Frecuencia | Duración | Región |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible neoplasms | 2-2.2 mg/m2 | IV | every 1-2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible neoplasms: Often used in combination with other chemo drugs.
Las dosis son una referencia clínica para profesionales veterinarios autorizados. Confirme siempre con el prospecto actual y cada paciente individual.
Resumen
La vinblastina es un agente antineoplásico alcaloide de la Vinca derivado de la planta Cantharanthus roseus. Se utiliza principalmente en oncología veterinaria para el tratamiento de diversas neoplasias en animales pequeños, incluyendo linfomas, carcinomas, mastocitomas y tumores esplénicos.
Perlas clínicas:
- La vinblastina es notablemente más eficaz que su pariente cercano, la vincristina, en el tratamiento de mastocitomas caninos.
- Es un potente vesicante; la extravasación fuera de la vena puede causar necrosis tisular grave y celulitis.
- Generalmente es más mielosupresora que la vincristina, pero tiende a tener efectos neurotóxicos periféricos menos graves a dosis estándar.
- Se requiere extrema precaución en razas de pastoreo con la mutación MDR1 (ABCB1), ya que tienen un riesgo significativamente mayor de sufrir supresión grave de la médula ósea y toxicidad gastrointestinal.
Mecanismo de acción
Vinblastine is a cell-cycle specific agent that halts cell division.
- Microtubule Inhibition: It binds specifically to microtubular proteins (tubulin) in the mitotic spindle.
- Mitotic Arrest: By preventing microtubule assembly, it arrests cell division during metaphase.
- Metabolic Interference: It also interferes with amino acid metabolism by inhibiting glutamic acid utilization and preventing purine synthesis, the citric acid cycle, and urea formation.
Seguridad y advertencias
Contraindicaciones
- Preexisting leukopenia or granulocytopenia (unless caused by the disease being treated)
- Active bacterial infection
- Pre-existing severe myelosuppression or active infection
- Pre-existing severe myelosuppression (Neutrophil count < 3 x 10^9/L or Platelet count < 100 x 10^9/L)
Efectos adversos
- Gastroenterocolitis (nausea, vomiting, anorexia)
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia; nadir at 4-9 days)
- Neurotoxicity (constipation, paralytic ileus, jaw and muscle pain, loss of deep tendon reflexes)
- Alopecia
- Stomatitis
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
- Severe tissue irritation and cellulitis (if extravasated)
- Cats: Reversible axon swelling and paranodal demyelination
- Myelosuppression (primarily neutropenia)
- Gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- Severe tissue necrosis (if extravasated)
Precauciones
Vesicant Warning: Vinblastine is a severe tissue irritant. Strict IV administration is required. Avoid extravasation. Use a different needle for injection than the one used to draw up the drug. If extravasation occurs, stop immediately, apply moderate heat, and consider hyaluronidase injections to disperse the drug.
- MDR1 Mutation: Dogs with the ABCB1 (MDR1) mutation (e.g., Collies, Australian Shepherds) are highly susceptible to toxicity. Reduce dose by 25-30% in mutant/normal or mutant/mutant dogs.
- Hepatic Impairment: Extensive hepatic metabolism requires a 50% dose reduction if serum bilirubin is > 2 mg/dL.
- Handling: Wear gloves and protective clothing during preparation and administration. Wash thoroughly with soap and water if skin exposure occurs.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Potentially teratogenic and embryotoxic (FDA Category D). Avoid in pregnant animals and use milk replacer if nursing.
Interacciones farmacológicas
May cause additive risk for ototoxicity.
May cause additive risk for ototoxicity.
Can inhibit P-glycoprotein clearance of vinblastine, increasing the risk of severe toxicity, particularly in dogs with the MDR1 (ABCB1) mutation.
Inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially decreasing vinblastine metabolism and increasing toxicity.
Additive bone marrow suppression.
Monitorización
- Efficacy (tumor response)
- Complete blood counts (CBC) with platelets (monitor for nadir)
- Liver function tests (prior to therapy and repeated as necessary)
- Serum uric acid
- IV site for signs of extravasation during administration
- Haematology (CBC) prior to each treatment
- Biochemistry prior to first treatment
- Tumour restaging (lymph node palpation, cytology)
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) prior to every dose (specifically neutrophils and platelets)
- Tumor restaging at week 4 and week 12 (for high-risk tumors)
- IV catheter site for signs of extravasation during administration
Farmacocinética
Vida media
Absorción
Administered strictly IV.
Distribución
Rapidly distributed to tissues after injection. In humans, approximately 75% is bound to tissue proteins. Does not appreciably enter the CNS.
Metabolismo
Extensively metabolized by the liver.
Eliminación
Primarily excreted in the bile and feces; lesser amounts are eliminated in the urine.
Sobredosis
The lethal dose in dogs is reported as 0.2 mg/kg.
Clinical Signs of Overdose: Exacerbation of adverse effects, including profound myelosuppression, severe gastrointestinal signs, and neurotoxicity (similar to vincristine).
- Feline Case Report (4X IV overdose): Depression, inability to jump, anorexia (days 1-11), neutropenia with fever, thrombocytopenia, anemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH).
Treatment: Aggressive supportive care is required. Monitor cardiovascular and hematologic status closely. Treatment may include anticonvulsants, prevention/management of ileus, and management of SIADH (fluid restriction and loop diuretics to maintain serum osmolality).
Productos disponibles
Formulaciones
- Injection solution (1 mg/mL)
- Powder for injection (10 mg)
- 1 mg/mL injectable solution
Etiquetado para humanos
- Vinblastine Sulfate Injection: 1 mg/mL in 10 mL & 25 mL vials
- Vinblastine Powder for Injection: 10 mg in vials (Velban)
- Velbe 10mg powder for solution for injection
- Vinblastine sulfate 1mg/ml solution for injection
- Vinblastine sulfate 1 mg/mL injection
Estado regulador
Used under the cascade. Requires specialized handling and disposal as a cytotoxic agent.
Used under the cascade. Requires specialized handling and disposal as a cytotoxic agent.
Sin datos reguladores para: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
Almacenamiento y estabilidad
Protect from light. Store powder for injection and injection solution in the refrigerator (2-8°C). Intact powder for injection is stable at room temperature for at least one month. After reconstituting with bacteriostatic saline, the powder for injection is stable for 30 days if refrigerated.
Información para el cliente
- Riesgos de toxicidad: Este es un fármaco de quimioterapia potente. Es posible que se produzca toxicidad grave, incluida la mortalidad relacionada con el fármaco.
- Cuándo llamar al veterinario: Comuníquese con su veterinario de inmediato si su mascota presenta depresión profunda, letargo, sangrado anormal (incluyendo diarrea con sangre), hematomas o vómitos/pérdida de apetito persistentes.
- Manejo de desechos: Siga las instrucciones de su veterinario con respecto al manejo seguro de la orina y las heces de su mascota durante los días posteriores al tratamiento.
La referencia de medicamentos de VetSheet está destinada a profesionales veterinarios autorizados como ayuda para la toma de decisiones clínicas, no como sustituto del criterio profesional ni del prospecto actual del fabricante.